remove dead code

* Simple fast root snapshots

* clippy

* epd

* mips

.gitignore

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ vendor
 *.dll
 *.exe
 *.dSYM
+*.obj
 
 .cur_input
 .venv
@@ -50,3 +51,6 @@ __pycache__
 **/libxml2
 **/corpus_discovered
 **/libxml2-*.tar.gz
+
+libafl_nyx/QEMU-Nyx
+libafl_nyx/packer

Cargo.toml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ members = [
     "libafl_targets",
     "libafl_frida",
     "libafl_qemu",
+    "libafl_tinyinst",
     "libafl_sugar",
     "libafl_nyx",
     "libafl_concolic/symcc_runtime",

Dockerfile

@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ COPY scripts/dummy.rs libafl_concolic/symcc_libafl/src/lib.rs
 COPY libafl_nyx/Cargo.toml libafl_nyx/build.rs libafl_nyx/
 COPY scripts/dummy.rs libafl_nyx/src/lib.rs
 
+COPY libafl_tinyinst/Cargo.toml libafl_tinyinst/
+COPY scripts/dummy.rs libafl_tinyinst/src/lib.rs
+
 COPY utils utils
 
 RUN cargo build && cargo build --release

README.md

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ LibAFL offers integrations with popular instrumentation frameworks. At the momen
 + SanitizerCoverage, in [libafl_targets](./libafl_targets)
 + Frida, in [libafl_frida](./libafl_frida)
 + QEMU user-mode, in [libafl_qemu](./libafl_qemu)
++ TinyInst, in [libafl_tinyinst](./libafl_tinyinst) by [elbiazo](https://github.com/elbiazo)
 
 ## Getting started
 

fuzzers/FRET/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+*.qcow2
+corpus
+*.axf
+demo

fuzzers/FRET/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+[package]
+name = "fret"
+version = "0.8.2"
+authors = ["Andrea Fioraldi <andreafioraldi@gmail.com>", "Dominik Maier <domenukk@gmail.com>"]
+edition = "2021"
+
+[features]
+default = ["std", "snapshot_restore", "singlecore", "restarting", "feed_systemtrace", "fuzz_int" ]
+std = []
+snapshot_restore = []
+snapshot_fast = [ "snapshot_restore" ]
+singlecore = []
+restarting = ['singlecore']
+trace_abbs = []
+systemstate = []
+feed_systemgraph = [ "systemstate" ]
+feed_systemtrace = [ "systemstate" ]
+feed_longest = [ ]
+feed_afl = [ ]
+feed_genetic = [ ]
+fuzz_int = [ ]
+gensize_1 = [ ]
+gensize_10 = [ ]
+gensize_100 = [ ]
+observer_hitcounts = []
+no_hash_state = []
+run_until_saturation = []
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+codegen-units = 1
+debug = true
+
+[dependencies]
+libafl = { path = "../../libafl/" }
+libafl_qemu = { path = "../../libafl_qemu/", features = ["arm", "systemmode"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] } # serialization lib
+hashbrown =  { version = "0.12", features = ["serde", "ahash-compile-time-rng"] } # A faster hashmap, nostd compatible
+petgraph = { version="0.6.0", features = ["serde-1"] }
+ron = "0.7" # write serialized data - including hashmaps
+rand = "0.5"

fuzzers/FRET/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Qemu systemmode with launcher
+
+This folder contains an example fuzzer for the qemu systemmode, using LLMP for fast multi-process fuzzing and crash detection.
+
+## Build
+
+To build this example, run
+
+```bash
+cargo build --release
+cd example; sh build.sh; cd ..
+```
+
+This will build the the fuzzer (src/fuzzer.rs) and a small example binary based on FreeRTOS, which can run under a qemu emulation target.
+
+## Run
+
+Since the instrumentation is based on snapshtos QEMU needs a virtual drive (even if it is unused...).
+Create on and then run the fuzzer:
+```bash
+# create an image
+qemu-img create -f qcow2 dummy.qcow2 32M
+# run the fuzzer
+KERNEL=./example/example.elf target/release/qemu_systemmode -icount shift=auto,align=off,sleep=off -machine mps2-an385 -monitor null -kernel ./example/example.elf -serial null -nographic -snapshot -drive if=none,format=qcow2,file=dummy.qcow2 -S
+```
+Currently the ``KERNEL`` variable is needed because the fuzzer does not parse QEMUs arguments to find the binary.

fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+*dump
+timedump*
+corpora
+build
+mnt
+.R*
+*.png
+*.pdf
+bins
+.snakemake
+*.zip
+*.tar.*

fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+TIME=7200
+
+corpora/%/seed:
+	mkdir -p $$(dirname $@)
+	LINE=$$(grep "^$$(basename $*)" target_symbols.csv); \
+	export \
+	KERNEL=benchmark/build/$*.elf \
+	FUZZ_MAIN=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f2) \
+	FUZZ_INPUT=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f3) \
+	FUZZ_INPUT_LEN=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f4) \
+	BREAKPOINT=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f5) \
+	SEED_DIR=benchmark/corpora/$* \
+	DUMP_SEED=seed; \
+	../fuzzer.sh
+
+timedump/%$(FUZZ_RANDOM)$(SUFFIX): corpora/%/seed
+	mkdir -p $$(dirname $@)
+	LINE=$$(grep "^$$(basename $*)" target_symbols.csv); \
+	export \
+	KERNEL=benchmark/build/$*.elf \
+	FUZZ_MAIN=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f2) \
+	FUZZ_INPUT=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f3) \
+	FUZZ_INPUT_LEN=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f4) \
+	BREAKPOINT=$$(echo $$LINE | cut -d, -f5) \
+	SEED_RANDOM=1 \
+	TIME_DUMP=benchmark/$@ \
+	CASE_DUMP=benchmark/$@; \
+	../fuzzer.sh + + + + + $(TIME) + + + > $@_log
+	#SEED_DIR=benchmark/corpora/$*
+
+all_sequential: timedump/sequential/mpeg2$(FUZZ_RANDOM) timedump/sequential/dijkstra$(FUZZ_RANDOM) timedump/sequential/epic$(FUZZ_RANDOM) \
+	timedump/sequential/g723_enc$(FUZZ_RANDOM) timedump/sequential/audiobeam$(FUZZ_RANDOM) \
+	timedump/sequential/gsm_enc$(FUZZ_RANDOM)
+
+all_kernel: timedump/kernel/bsort$(FUZZ_RANDOM) timedump/kernel/insertsort$(FUZZ_RANDOM) #timedump/kernel/fft$(FUZZ_RANDOM)
+
+all_app: timedump/app/lift$(FUZZ_RANDOM)
+
+all_system: timedump/lift$(FUZZ_RANDOM)$(SUFFIX)
+
+all_period: timedump/waters$(FUZZ_RANDOM)$(SUFFIX)
+
+tacle_rtos: timedump/tacle_rtos$(FUZZ_RANDOM)
+
+graphics:
+	Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential audiobeam
+	Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential dijkstra
+	Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential epic
+	Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential g723_enc
+	# Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential gsm_enc
+	# Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential huff_dec
+	Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential mpeg2
+	# Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential rijndael_dec
+	# Rscript --vanilla plot_comparison.r mnt/timedump/sequential rijndael_enc
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf corpora timedump

fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/Snakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+import csv
+import os
+def_flags="--no-default-features --features std,snapshot_restore,singlecore,restarting,run_until_saturation"
+remote="timedump_253048_1873f6_all/"
+RUNTIME=10
+TARGET_REPS_A=2
+TARGET_REPS_B=2
+NUM_NODES=2
+REP_PER_NODE_A=int(TARGET_REPS_A/NUM_NODES)
+REP_PER_NODE_B=int(TARGET_REPS_B/NUM_NODES)
+NODE_ID= 0 if os.getenv('NODE_ID') == None else int(os.environ['NODE_ID'])
+MY_RANGE_A=range(NODE_ID*REP_PER_NODE_A,(NODE_ID+1)*REP_PER_NODE_A)
+MY_RANGE_B=range(NODE_ID*REP_PER_NODE_B,(NODE_ID+1)*REP_PER_NODE_B)
+
+rule build_showmap:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_showmap")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},systemstate"
+
+rule build_random:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_random")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_longest"
+
+rule build_feedlongest:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedlongest")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_longest"
+
+rule build_frafl:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_frafl")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_afl,feed_longest"
+
+rule build_afl:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_afl")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_afl,observer_hitcounts"
+
+rule build_state:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_state")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_systemtrace"
+
+rule build_nohashstate:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_nohashstate")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_systemtrace,no_hash_state"
+
+rule build_graph:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_graph")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_systemgraph"
+
+rule build_showmap_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_showmap_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},systemstate,fuzz_int"
+
+rule build_random_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_random_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_longest,fuzz_int"
+
+rule build_state_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_state_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_systemtrace,fuzz_int"
+
+rule build_nohashstate_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_nohashstate_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_systemtrace,fuzz_int,no_hash_state"
+
+rule build_frafl_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_frafl_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_afl,feed_longest,fuzz_int"
+
+rule build_afl_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_afl_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_afl,fuzz_int,observer_hitcounts"
+
+rule build_feedlongest_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedlongest_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_longest,fuzz_int"
+
+rule build_feedgeneration1:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedgeneration1")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_genetic,gensize_1"
+
+rule build_feedgeneration1_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedgeneration1_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_genetic,fuzz_int,gensize_1"
+
+rule build_feedgeneration10:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedgeneration10")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_genetic,gensize_10"
+
+rule build_feedgeneration10_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedgeneration10_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_genetic,fuzz_int,gensize_10"
+
+rule build_feedgeneration100:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedgeneration100")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_genetic,gensize_100"
+
+rule build_feedgeneration100_int:
+    output:
+        directory("bins/target_feedgeneration100_int")
+    shell:
+        "cargo build --target-dir {output} {def_flags},feed_genetic,fuzz_int,gensize_100"
+
+rule run_bench:
+    input:
+        "build/{target}.elf",
+        "bins/target_{fuzzer}"
+    output:
+        multiext("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", "", ".log") # , ".case"
+    run:
+        with open('target_symbols.csv') as csvfile:
+            reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
+            line = next((x for x in reader if x['kernel']==wildcards.target), None)
+            if line == None:
+                return False
+            kernel=line['kernel']
+            fuzz_main=line['main_function']
+            fuzz_input=line['input_symbol']
+            fuzz_len=line['input_size']
+            bkp=line['return_function']
+            script="""
+                mkdir -p $(dirname {output[0]})
+                export KERNEL=$(pwd)/{input[0]}
+                export FUZZ_MAIN={fuzz_main}
+                export FUZZ_INPUT={fuzz_input}
+                export FUZZ_INPUT_LEN={fuzz_len}
+                export BREAKPOINT={bkp}
+                export SEED_RANDOM={wildcards.num}
+                export TIME_DUMP=$(pwd)/{output[0]}
+                export CASE_DUMP=$(pwd)/{output[0]}.case
+                export TRACE_DUMP=$(pwd)/{output[0]}.trace
+                export FUZZ_ITERS={RUNTIME}
+                export FUZZER=$(pwd)/{input[1]}/debug/fret
+                set +e
+                ../fuzzer.sh > {output[1]} 2>&1 
+                exit 0
+                """
+            if wildcards.fuzzer.find('random') >= 0:
+                script="export FUZZ_RANDOM={output[1]}\n"+script
+            shell(script)
+
+rule run_showmap:
+    input:
+        "{remote}build/{target}.elf",
+        "bins/target_showmap",
+        "bins/target_showmap_int",
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.case"
+    output:
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.ron",
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.case.time",
+    run:
+        with open('target_symbols.csv') as csvfile:
+            reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
+            line = next((x for x in reader if x['kernel']==wildcards.target), None)
+            if line == None:
+                return False
+            kernel=line['kernel']
+            fuzz_main=line['main_function']
+            fuzz_input=line['input_symbol']
+            fuzz_len=line['input_size']
+            bkp=line['return_function']
+            script=""
+            if wildcards.fuzzer.find('_int') > -1:
+                script="export FUZZER=$(pwd)/{input[2]}/debug/fret\n"
+            else:
+                script="export FUZZER=$(pwd)/{input[1]}/debug/fret\n"
+            script+="""
+                mkdir -p $(dirname {output})
+                export KERNEL=$(pwd)/{input[0]}
+                export FUZZ_MAIN={fuzz_main}
+                export FUZZ_INPUT={fuzz_input}
+                export FUZZ_INPUT_LEN={fuzz_len}
+                export BREAKPOINT={bkp}
+                export TRACE_DUMP=$(pwd)/{output[0]}
+                export DO_SHOWMAP=$(pwd)/{input[3]}
+                export TIME_DUMP=$(pwd)/{output[1]}
+                set +e
+                ../fuzzer.sh
+                exit 0
+                """
+            if wildcards.fuzzer.find('random') >= 0:
+                script="export FUZZ_RANDOM=1\n"+script
+            shell(script)
+
+rule tarnsform_trace:
+    input:
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.ron"
+    output:
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.csv"
+    shell:
+        "$(pwd)/../../../../state2gantt/target/debug/state2gantt {input} > {output[0]}"
+
+rule trace2gantt:
+    input:
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.csv"
+    output:
+        "{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.csv.png"
+    shell:
+        "Rscript --vanilla $(pwd)/../../../../state2gantt/gantt.R {input}"
+
+rule all_main:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['random','afl','feedgeneration10','state'], target=['waters','watersv2'],num=range(0,3))
+
+rule all_main_int:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['random_int','afl_int','feedgeneration10_int','state_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=range(0,4))
+
+rule all_compare_feedgeneration:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['feedgeneration1','feedgeneration10','feedgeneration100'], target=['waters_int','watersv2'],num=range(0,10))
+
+rule all_compare_feedgeneration_int:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['feedgeneration1_int','feedgeneration10_int','feedgeneration100_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=range(0,10))
+
+rule all_compare_afl:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['afl','frafl','feedlongest'], target=['waters','watersv2'],num=range(0,10))
+
+rule all_compare_afl_int:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['afl_int','frafl_int','feedlongest_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=range(0,10))
+
+rule all_images:
+    input:
+        expand("{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.csv.png",remote=remote, fuzzer=['afl','feedgeneration10','state'], target=['waters','watersv2'],num=range(0,3))
+
+rule all_images_int:
+    input:
+        expand("{remote}timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}.trace.csv.png",remote=remote, fuzzer=['afl_int','feedgeneration10_int','state_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=range(0,3))
+
+rule clusterfuzz:
+    input:
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['random','afl','feedgeneration10','state'], target=['waters','watersv2'],num=MY_RANGE_A),
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['random_int','afl_int','feedgeneration10_int','state_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=MY_RANGE_A),
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['feedgeneration1','feedgeneration10','feedgeneration100'], target=['waters_int','watersv2'],num=MY_RANGE_B),
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['feedgeneration1_int','feedgeneration10_int','feedgeneration100_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=MY_RANGE_B),
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['afl','frafl','feedlongest'], target=['waters','watersv2'],num=MY_RANGE_B),
+        expand("timedump/{fuzzer}/{target}.{num}", fuzzer=['afl_int','frafl_int','feedlongest_int'], target=['waters_int','watersv2_int'],num=MY_RANGE_B),
+
+rule all_bins:
+    input:
+        expand("bins/target_{target}{flag}",target=['random','afl','frafl','state','feedgeneration100'],flag=['','_int'])

fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/plot_comparison.r

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+library("mosaic")
+args = commandArgs(trailingOnly=TRUE)
+
+#myolors=c("#339933","#0066ff","#993300") # grün, balu, rot
+myolors=c("dark green","dark blue","dark red", "yellow") # grün, balu, rot
+
+if (length(args)==0) {
+  runtype="timedump"
+  target="waters"
+  filename_1=sprintf("%s.png",target)
+  filename_2=sprintf("%s_maxline.png",target)
+  filename_3=sprintf("%s_hist.png",target)
+} else {
+  runtype=args[1]
+  target=args[2]
+  filename_1=sprintf("%s.png",args[2])
+  filename_2=sprintf("%s_maxline.png",args[2])
+  filename_3=sprintf("%s_hist.png",args[2])
+  # filename_1=args[3]
+}
+
+file_1=sprintf("~/code/FRET/LibAFL/fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/%s/%s_state",runtype,target)
+file_2=sprintf("~/code/FRET/LibAFL/fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/%s/%s_afl",runtype,target)
+file_3=sprintf("~/code/FRET/LibAFL/fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/%s/%s_random",runtype,target)
+file_4=sprintf("~/code/FRET/LibAFL/fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/%s/%s_graph",runtype,target)
+timetrace <- read.table(file_1, quote="\"", comment.char="")
+timetrace_afl <- read.table(file_2, quote="\"", comment.char="")
+timetrace_rand <- read.table(file_3, quote="\"", comment.char="")
+timetrace_graph <- read.table(file_4, quote="\"", comment.char="")
+timetrace[[2]]=seq_len(length(timetrace[[1]]))
+timetrace_afl[[2]]=seq_len(length(timetrace_afl[[1]]))
+timetrace_rand[[2]]=seq_len(length(timetrace_rand[[1]]))
+timetrace_graph[[2]]=seq_len(length(timetrace_graph[[1]]))
+names(timetrace)[1] <- "timetrace"
+names(timetrace)[2] <- "iter"
+names(timetrace_afl)[1] <- "timetrace"
+names(timetrace_afl)[2] <- "iter"
+names(timetrace_rand)[1] <- "timetrace"
+names(timetrace_rand)[2] <- "iter"
+names(timetrace_graph)[1] <- "timetrace"
+names(timetrace_graph)[2] <- "iter"
+
+png(file=filename_1)
+# pdf(file=filename_1,width=8, height=8)
+plot(timetrace[[2]],timetrace[[1]], col=myolors[1], xlab="iters", ylab="wcet", pch='.')
+points(timetrace_afl[[2]],timetrace_afl[[1]], col=myolors[2], pch='.')
+points(timetrace_rand[[2]],timetrace_rand[[1]], col=myolors[3], pch='.')
+points(timetrace_graph[[2]],timetrace_graph[[1]], col=myolors[4], pch='.')
+abline(lm(timetrace ~ iter, data=timetrace),col=myolors[1])
+abline(lm(timetrace ~ iter, data=timetrace_afl),col=myolors[2])
+abline(lm(timetrace ~ iter, data=timetrace_rand),col=myolors[3])
+dev.off()
+
+png(file=filename_3)
+gf_histogram(~ timetrace,data=timetrace, fill=myolors[1]) %>%
+gf_histogram(~ timetrace,data=timetrace_afl, fill=myolors[2]) %>%
+gf_histogram(~ timetrace,data=timetrace_rand, fill=myolors[3]) %>%
+gf_histogram(~ timetrace,data=timetrace_graph, fill=myolors[4])
+dev.off()
+
+# Takes a flat list
+trace2maxline <- function(tr) {
+  maxline = tr
+  for (var in seq_len(length(maxline))[2:length(maxline)]) {
+    maxline[var] = max(maxline[var],maxline[var-1])
+  }
+  #plot(seq_len(length(maxline)),maxline,"l",xlab="Index",ylab="WOET")
+  return(maxline)
+}
+timetrace[[1]] <- trace2maxline(timetrace[[1]])
+timetrace_afl[[1]] <- trace2maxline(timetrace_afl[[1]])
+timetrace_rand[[1]] <- trace2maxline(timetrace_rand[[1]])
+timetrace_graph[[1]] <- trace2maxline(timetrace_graph[[1]])
+
+png(file=filename_2)
+plot(timetrace[[2]],timetrace[[1]], col=myolors[1], xlab="iters", ylab="wcet", pch='.')
+points(timetrace_afl[[2]],timetrace_afl[[1]], col=myolors[2], pch='.')
+points(timetrace_rand[[2]],timetrace_rand[[1]], col=myolors[3], pch='.')
+points(timetrace_graph[[2]],timetrace_graph[[1]], col=myolors[4], pch='.')
+#abline(lm(timetrace ~ iter, data=timetrace),col=myolors[1])
+#abline(lm(timetrace ~ iter, data=timetrace_afl),col=myolors[2])
+#abline(lm(timetrace ~ iter, data=timetrace_rand),col=myolors[3])
+dev.off()

fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/plot_multi.r

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+library("mosaic")
+library("dplyr")
+library("foreach")
+library("doParallel")
+
+#setup parallel backend to use many processors
+cores=detectCores()
+cl <- makeCluster(cores[1]-1) #not to overload your computer
+registerDoParallel(cl)
+
+args = commandArgs(trailingOnly=TRUE)
+
+if (length(args)==0) {
+  runtype="timedump_253048_1873f6_all/timedump"
+  target="waters_int"
+  outputpath="~/code/FRET/LibAFL/fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/"
+  #MY_SELECTION <- c('state', 'afl', 'graph', 'random')
+  SAVE_FILE=TRUE
+} else {
+  runtype=args[1]
+  target=args[2]
+  outputpath=args[3]
+  MY_SELECTION <- args[4:length(args)]
+  SAVE_FILE=TRUE
+}
+worst_cases <- list(waters=0, waters_int=0, tmr=405669, micro_longint=0)
+worst_case <- worst_cases[[target]]
+if (is.null(worst_case)) {
+  worst_case = 0
+}
+
+#MY_COLORS=c("green","blue","red", "orange", "pink", "black")
+MY_COLORS <- c("green", "blue", "red", "magenta", "orange", "cyan", "pink", "gray", "orange", "black", "yellow","brown")
+BENCHDIR=sprintf("~/code/FRET/LibAFL/fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/%s",runtype)
+BASENAMES=Filter(function(x) x!="" && substr(x,1,1)!='.',list.dirs(BENCHDIR,full.names=FALSE))
+PATTERNS="%s.[0-9]*$"
+#RIBBON='sd'
+#RIBBON='span'
+RIBBON='both'
+DRAW_WC = worst_case > 0
+LEGEND_POS="topright"
+#LEGEND_POS="bottomright"
+CONTINUE_LINE_TO_END=FALSE
+
+# https://www.r-bloggers.com/2013/04/how-to-change-the-alpha-value-of-colours-in-r/
+alpha <- function(col, alpha=1){
+  if(missing(col))
+    stop("Please provide a vector of colours.")
+  apply(sapply(col, col2rgb)/255, 2, 
+        function(x) 
+          rgb(x[1], x[2], x[3], alpha=alpha))  
+}
+
+# Trimm a list of data frames to common length
+trim_data <- function(input,len=NULL) {
+  if (is.null(len)) {
+    len <- min(sapply(input, function(v) dim(v)[1]))
+  }
+  return(lapply(input, function(d) slice_head(d,n=len)))
+}
+
+length_of_data <- function(input) {
+  min(sapply(input, function(v) dim(v)[1]))
+}
+
+# Takes a flat list
+trace2maxline <- function(tr) {
+  maxline = tr
+  for (var in seq_len(length(maxline))[2:length(maxline)]) {
+    #if (maxline[var]>1000000000) {
+    #  maxline[var]=maxline[var-1]
+    #} else {
+      maxline[var] = max(maxline[var],maxline[var-1]) 
+    #}
+  }
+  #plot(seq_len(length(maxline)),maxline,"l",xlab="Index",ylab="WOET")
+  return(maxline)
+}
+
+# Take a list of data frames, output same form but maxlines
+data2maxlines <- function(tr) {
+  min_length <- min(sapply(tr, function(v) dim(v)[1]))
+  maxline <- tr
+  for (var in seq_len(length(tr))) {
+    maxline[[var]][[1]]=trace2maxline(tr[[var]][[1]])
+  }
+  return(maxline)
+}
+# Take a multi-column data frame, output same form but maxlines
+frame2maxlines <- function(tr) {
+  for (var in seq_len(length(tr))) {
+    tr[[var]]=trace2maxline(tr[[var]])
+  }
+  return(tr)
+}
+
+trace2maxpoints <- function(tr) {
+  minval = tr[1,1]
+  collect = tr[1,]
+  for (i in seq_len(dim(tr)[1])) {
+    if (minval < tr[i,1]) {
+      collect = rbind(collect,tr[i,])
+      minval = tr[i,1]
+    }
+  }
+  tmp = tr[dim(tr)[1],]
+  tmp[1] = minval[1]
+  collect = rbind(collect,tmp)
+  return(collect)
+}
+
+sample_maxpoints <- function(tr,po) {
+  index = 1
+  collect=NULL
+  endpoint = dim(tr)[1]
+  for (p in po) {
+    if (p<=tr[1,2]) {
+      tmp = tr[index,]
+      tmp[2] = p
+      collect = rbind(collect, tmp)
+    } else if (p>=tr[endpoint,2]) {
+      tmp = tr[endpoint,]
+      tmp[2] = p
+      collect = rbind(collect, tmp)
+    } else {
+      for (i in seq(index,endpoint)-1) {
+        if (p >= tr[i,2] && p<tr[i+1,2]) {
+          tmp = tr[i,]
+          tmp[2] = p
+          collect = rbind(collect, tmp)
+          index = i
+          break
+        }
+      } 
+    }
+  }
+  return(collect)
+}
+
+#https://www.r-bloggers.com/2012/01/parallel-r-loops-for-windows-and-linux/
+all_runtypetables <- foreach (bn=BASENAMES) %do% {
+  runtypefiles <- list.files(file.path(BENCHDIR,bn),pattern=sprintf(PATTERNS,target),full.names = TRUE)
+  if (length(runtypefiles) > 0) {
+    runtypetables_reduced <- foreach(i=seq_len(length(runtypefiles))) %dopar% {
+      rtable = read.csv(runtypefiles[[i]], col.names=c(sprintf("%s%d",bn,i),sprintf("times%d",i)))
+      trace2maxpoints(rtable)
+    }
+    #runtypetables <- lapply(seq_len(length(runtypefiles)),
+    #    function(i)read.csv(runtypefiles[[i]], col.names=c(sprintf("%s%d",bn,i),sprintf("times%d",i))))
+    #runtypetables_reduced <- lapply(runtypetables, trace2maxpoints)
+    runtypetables_reduced
+    #all_runtypetables = c(all_runtypetables, list(runtypetables_reduced))
+  }
+}
+all_runtypetables = all_runtypetables[lapply(all_runtypetables, length) > 0]
+all_min_points = foreach(rtt=all_runtypetables,.combine = cbind) %do% {
+  bn = substr(names(rtt[[1]])[1],1,nchar(names(rtt[[1]])[1])-1)
+  ret = data.frame(min(unlist(lapply(rtt, function(v) v[dim(v)[1],2]))))
+  names(ret)[1] = bn
+  ret/(3600 * 1000)
+}
+all_max_points = foreach(rtt=all_runtypetables,.combine = cbind) %do% {
+  bn = substr(names(rtt[[1]])[1],1,nchar(names(rtt[[1]])[1])-1)
+  ret = data.frame(max(unlist(lapply(rtt, function(v) v[dim(v)[1],2]))))
+  names(ret)[1] = bn
+  ret/(3600 * 1000)
+}
+all_points = sort(unique(Reduce(c, lapply(all_runtypetables, function(v) Reduce(c, lapply(v, function(w) w[[2]]))))))
+all_maxlines <- foreach (rtt=all_runtypetables) %do% {
+  bn = substr(names(rtt[[1]])[1],1,nchar(names(rtt[[1]])[1])-1)
+  runtypetables_sampled = foreach(v=rtt) %dopar% {
+    sample_maxpoints(v, all_points)[1]
+  }
+  #runtypetables_sampled = lapply(rtt, function(v) sample_maxpoints(v, all_points)[1])
+  tmp_frame <- Reduce(cbind, runtypetables_sampled)
+  statframe <- data.frame(rowMeans(tmp_frame),apply(tmp_frame, 1, sd),apply(tmp_frame, 1, min),apply(tmp_frame, 1, max), apply(tmp_frame, 1, median))
+  names(statframe) <- c(bn, sprintf("%s_sd",bn), sprintf("%s_min",bn), sprintf("%s_max",bn), sprintf("%s_med",bn))
+  #statframe[sprintf("%s_times",bn)] = all_points
+  round(statframe)
+  #all_maxlines = c(all_maxlines, list(round(statframe))) 
+}
+one_frame<-data.frame(all_maxlines)
+one_frame[length(one_frame)+1] <- all_points/(3600 * 1000)
+names(one_frame)[length(one_frame)] <- 'time'
+
+typenames = names(one_frame)[which(names(one_frame) != 'time')]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_sd"))]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_med"))]
+ylow=min(one_frame[typenames])
+yhigh=max(one_frame[typenames],worst_case)
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_min"))]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_max"))]
+
+ml2lines <- function(ml,lim) {
+  lines = NULL
+  last = 0
+  for (i in seq_len(dim(ml)[1])) {
+    if (!CONTINUE_LINE_TO_END && lim<ml[i,2]) {
+      break
+    }
+    lines = rbind(lines, cbind(X=last, Y=ml[i,1]))
+    lines = rbind(lines, cbind(X=ml[i,2], Y=ml[i,1]))
+    last = ml[i,2]
+  }
+  return(lines)
+}
+
+plotting <- function(selection, filename, MY_COLORS_) {
+# filter out names of iters and sd cols
+typenames = names(one_frame)[which(names(one_frame) != 'times')]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_sd"))]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_med"))]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_min"))]
+typenames = typenames[which(!endsWith(typenames, "_max"))]
+typenames = selection[which(selection %in% typenames)]
+if (length(typenames) == 0) {return()}
+
+h_ = 500
+w_ = h_*4/3
+
+if (SAVE_FILE) {png(file=sprintf("%s%s_%s.png",outputpath,target,filename), width=w_, height=h_)}
+par(mar=c(4,4,1,1))
+par(oma=c(0,0,0,0))
+
+plot(c(1,max(one_frame['time'])),c(ylow,yhigh), col='white', xlab="Time [h]", ylab="WORT [insn]", pch='.')
+
+for (t in seq_len(length(typenames))) {
+  #proj = one_frame[seq(1, dim(one_frame)[1], by=max(1, length(one_frame[[1]])/(10*w_))),]
+  #points(proj[c('iters',typenames[t])], col=MY_COLORS_[t], pch='.')
+  avglines = ml2lines(one_frame[c(typenames[t],'time')],all_max_points[typenames[t]])
+  #lines(avglines, col=MY_COLORS_[t])
+  medlines = ml2lines(one_frame[c(sprintf("%s_med",typenames[t]),'time')],all_max_points[typenames[t]])
+  lines(medlines, col=MY_COLORS_[t], lty='solid')
+  milines = NULL
+  malines = NULL
+  milines = ml2lines(one_frame[c(sprintf("%s_min",typenames[t]),'time')],all_max_points[typenames[t]])
+  malines = ml2lines(one_frame[c(sprintf("%s_max",typenames[t]),'time')],all_max_points[typenames[t]])
+  if (exists("RIBBON") && ( RIBBON=='max' )) {
+    #lines(milines, col=MY_COLORS_[t], lty='dashed')
+    lines(malines, col=MY_COLORS_[t], lty='dashed')
+    #points(proj[c('iters',sprintf("%s_min",typenames[t]))], col=MY_COLORS_[t], pch='.')
+    #points(proj[c('iters',sprintf("%s_max",typenames[t]))], col=MY_COLORS_[t], pch='.')
+  }
+  if (exists("RIBBON") && RIBBON != '') {
+  for (i in seq_len(dim(avglines)[1]-1)) {
+    if (RIBBON=='both') {
+      # draw boxes
+      x_l <- milines[i,][['X']]
+      x_r <- milines[i+1,][['X']]
+      y_l <- milines[i,][['Y']]
+      y_h <- malines[i,][['Y']]
+      rect(x_l, y_l, x_r, y_h, col=alpha(MY_COLORS_[t], alpha=0.1), lwd=0)
+    }
+    if (FALSE && RIBBON=='span') {
+      # draw boxes
+      x_l <- milines[i,][['X']]
+      x_r <- milines[i+1,][['X']]
+      y_l <- milines[i,][['Y']]
+      y_h <- malines[i,][['Y']]
+      rect(x_l, y_l, x_r, y_h, col=alpha(MY_COLORS_[t], alpha=0.1), lwd=0)
+    }
+    #if (FALSE && RIBBON=='both' || RIBBON=='sd') {
+    #  # draw sd
+    #  x_l <- avglines[i,][['X']]
+    #  x_r <- avglines[i+1,][['X']]
+    #  y_l <- avglines[i,][['Y']]-one_frame[ceiling(i/2),][[sprintf("%s_sd",typenames[t])]]
+    #  y_h <- avglines[i,][['Y']]+one_frame[ceiling(i/2),][[sprintf("%s_sd",typenames[t])]]
+    #  if (x_r != x_l) {
+    #    rect(x_l, y_l, x_r, y_h, col=alpha(MY_COLORS_[t], alpha=0.1), lwd=0) 
+    #  }
+    #}
+    #sd_ <- row[sprintf("%s_sd",typenames[t])][[1]]
+    #min_ <- row[sprintf("%s_min",typenames[t])][[1]]
+    #max_ <- row[sprintf("%s_max",typenames[t])][[1]]
+    #if (exists("RIBBON")) {
+    #  switch (RIBBON,
+    #    'sd' = arrows(x_, y_-sd_, x_, y_+sd_, length=0, angle=90, code=3, col=alpha(MY_COLORS_[t], alpha=0.03)),
+    #    'both' = arrows(x_, y_-sd_, x_, y_+sd_, length=0, angle=90, code=3, col=alpha(MY_COLORS_[t], alpha=0.05)),
+    #    'span' = #arrows(x_, min_, x_, max_, length=0, angle=90, code=3, col=alpha(MY_COLORS_[t], alpha=0.03))
+    #  )
+    #}
+    ##arrows(x_, y_-sd_, x_, y_+sd_, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3, col=alpha(MY_COLORS[t], alpha=0.1))
+  }
+  }
+}
+leglines=typenames
+if (DRAW_WC) {
+  lines(c(0,length(one_frame[[1]])),y=c(worst_case,worst_case), lty='dotted')
+  leglines=c(typenames, 'worst observed') 
+}
+legend(LEGEND_POS, legend=leglines,#"topleft"
+       col=c(MY_COLORS_[1:length(typenames)],"black"),
+       lty=c(rep("solid",length(typenames)),"dotted"))
+
+if (SAVE_FILE) {dev.off()}
+}
+stopCluster(cl)
+
+par(mar=c(3.8,3.8,0,0))
+par(oma=c(0,0,0,0))
+
+#RIBBON='both'
+#MY_SELECTION = c('state_int','generation100_int')
+#MY_SELECTION = c('state_int','frafl_int')
+
+if (exists("MY_SELECTION")) {
+  plotting(MY_SELECTION, 'custom', MY_COLORS[c(1,2)])
+} else {
+  # MY_SELECTION=c('state', 'afl', 'random', 'feedlongest', 'feedgeneration', 'feedgeneration10')
+  #MY_SELECTION=c('state_int', 'afl_int', 'random_int', 'feedlongest_int', 'feedgeneration_int', 'feedgeneration10_int')
+  #MY_SELECTION=c('state', 'frAFL', 'statenohash', 'feedgeneration10')
+  #MY_SELECTION=c('state_int', 'frAFL_int', 'statenohash_int', 'feedgeneration10_int')
+  MY_SELECTION=typenames
+  RIBBON='both'
+  for (i in seq_len(length(MY_SELECTION))) {
+    n <- MY_SELECTION[i]
+    plotting(c(n), n, c(MY_COLORS[i]))
+  }
+  RIBBON='max'
+  plotting(MY_SELECTION,'all', MY_COLORS)
+}
+
+for (t in seq_len(length(typenames))) {
+  li = one_frame[dim(one_frame)[1],]
+  pear = (li[[typenames[[t]]]]-li[[sprintf("%s_med",typenames[[t]])]])/li[[sprintf("%s_sd",typenames[[t]])]]
+  print(sprintf("%s pearson: %g",typenames[[t]],pear))
+}

fuzzers/FRET/benchmark/target_symbols.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+kernel,main_function,input_symbol,input_size,return_function
+mpeg2,mpeg2_main,mpeg2_oldorgframe,90112,mpeg2_return
+audiobeam,audiobeam_main,audiobeam_input,11520,audiobeam_return
+epic,epic_main,epic_image,4096,epic_return
+dijkstra,dijkstra_main,dijkstra_AdjMatrix,10000,dijkstra_return
+fft,fft_main,fft_twidtable,2046,fft_return
+bsort,bsort_main,bsort_Array,400,bsort_return
+insertsort,insertsort_main,insertsort_a,400,insertsort_return
+g723_enc,g723_enc_main,g723_enc_INPUT,1024,g723_enc_return
+rijndael_dec,rijndael_dec_main,rijndael_dec_data,32768,rijndael_dec_return
+rijndael_enc,rijndael_enc_main,rijndael_enc_data,31369,rijndael_enc_return
+huff_dec,huff_dec_main,huff_dec_encoded,419,huff_dec_return
+huff_enc,huff_enc_main,huff_enc_plaintext,600,huff_enc_return
+gsm_enc,gsm_enc_main,gsm_enc_pcmdata,6400,gsm_enc_return
+tmr,main,FUZZ_INPUT,32,trigger_Qemu_break
+tacle_rtos,prvStage0,FUZZ_INPUT,604,trigger_Qemu_break
+lift,main_lift,FUZZ_INPUT,100,trigger_Qemu_break
+waters,main_waters,FUZZ_INPUT,4096,trigger_Qemu_break
+watersv2,main_waters,FUZZ_INPUT,4096,trigger_Qemu_break
+waters_int,main_waters,FUZZ_INPUT,4096,trigger_Qemu_break
+watersv2_int,main_waters,FUZZ_INPUT,4096,trigger_Qemu_break
+micro_branchless,main_branchless,FUZZ_INPUT,4,trigger_Qemu_break
+micro_int,main_int,FUZZ_INPUT,16,trigger_Qemu_break
+micro_longint,main_micro_longint,FUZZ_INPUT,16,trigger_Qemu_break

fuzzers/FRET/example/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+arm-none-eabi-gcc -ggdb -ffreestanding -nostartfiles -lgcc -T mps2_m3.ld -mcpu=cortex-m3 main.c startup.c -o example.elf

fuzzers/FRET/example/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+int BREAKPOINT() {
+  for (;;)
+  {
+  }
+}
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(unsigned int* Data, unsigned int Size) {
+  //if (Data[3] == 0) {while(1){}}  // cause a timeout
+  for (int i=0; i<Size; i++) {
+    // if (Data[i] > 0xFFd0 && Data[i] < 0xFFFF) {return 1;}    // cause qemu to crash
+    for (int j=i+1; j<Size; j++) {
+      if (Data[j] == 0) {continue;}
+      if (Data[j]>Data[i]) {
+        int tmp = Data[i];
+        Data[i]=Data[j];
+        Data[j]=tmp;
+        if (Data[i] <= 100) {j--;}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return BREAKPOINT();
+}
+    unsigned int FUZZ_INPUT[] = {
+    101,201,700,230,860,
+    234,980,200,340,678,
+    230,134,900,236,900,
+    123,800,123,658,607,
+    246,804,567,568,207,
+    407,246,678,457,892,
+    834,456,878,246,699,
+    854,234,844,290,125,
+    324,560,852,928,910,
+    790,853,345,234,586,
+    };
+
+int main() {
+  LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(FUZZ_INPUT, 50);
+}

fuzzers/FRET/example/mps2_m3.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS V202112.00
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+ * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+ * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
+ * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
+ *
+ */
+
+MEMORY
+{
+    RAM (xrw)  : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 4M
+    /* Originally                                    */
+    /* FLASH (xr) : ORIGIN = 0x00000000, LENGTH = 4M */
+    /* RAM (xrw)  : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 4M */
+}
+ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
+
+_Min_Heap_Size = 0x300000 ;        /* Required amount of heap. */
+_Min_Stack_Size = 0x4000 ;       /* Required amount of stack. */
+M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE = (16 + 48) * 4;
+_estack = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM);
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+
+    .isr_vector :
+    {
+        __vector_table = .;
+        KEEP(*(.isr_vector))
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+    } > RAM /* FLASH */
+
+    .text :
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        *(.text*)
+        KEEP (*(.init))
+        KEEP (*(.fini))
+        KEEP(*(.eh_frame))
+        *(.rodata*)
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        _etext = .;
+    } > RAM /* FLASH */
+
+    .ARM.extab :
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+    } >RAM /* FLASH */
+
+    .ARM :
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        __exidx_start = .;
+        *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
+        __exidx_end = .;
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+    } >RAM /* FLASH */
+
+    .interrupts_ram :
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        __VECTOR_RAM__ = .;
+        __interrupts_ram_start__ = .;
+        . += M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE;
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        __interrupts_ram_end = .;
+    } > RAM
+
+    _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
+
+    .data : /* AT ( _sidata ) */
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        _sdata = .;
+        *(.data*)
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        _edata = .;
+    } > RAM /* RAM AT > FLASH */
+
+    .uninitialized (NOLOAD):
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(32);
+        __uninitialized_start = .;
+        *(.uninitialized)
+        KEEP(*(.keep.uninitialized))
+        . = ALIGN(32);
+        __uninitialized_end = .;
+    } > RAM
+
+    .bss :
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        _sbss = .;
+        __bss_start__ = _sbss;
+        *(.bss*)
+        *(COMMON)
+        . = ALIGN(4);
+        _ebss = .;
+        __bss_end__ = _ebss;
+    } >RAM
+
+    .heap :
+    {
+        . = ALIGN(8);
+        PROVIDE ( end = . );
+        PROVIDE ( _end = . );
+        _heap_bottom = .;
+        . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
+        _heap_top = .;
+        . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
+        . = ALIGN(8);
+       } >RAM
+
+   /* Set stack top to end of RAM, and stack limit move down by
+    * size of stack_dummy section */
+   __StackTop = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM);
+   __StackLimit = __StackTop - _Min_Stack_Size;
+   PROVIDE(__stack = __StackTop);
+     
+  /* Check if data + heap + stack exceeds RAM limit */
+  ASSERT(__StackLimit >= _heap_top, "region RAM overflowed with stack")
+}
+

fuzzers/FRET/example/startup.c

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS V202112.00
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+ * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+ * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+ * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+ * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+ * subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
+ * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
+ *
+ */
+
+typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+
+extern int main();
+
+extern uint32_t _estack, _sidata, _sdata, _edata, _sbss, _ebss;
+
+/* Prevent optimization so gcc does not replace code with memcpy */
+__attribute__( ( optimize( "O0" ) ) )
+__attribute__( ( naked ) )
+void Reset_Handler( void )
+{
+    /* set stack pointer */
+    __asm volatile ( "ldr r0, =_estack" );
+    __asm volatile ( "mov sp, r0" );
+
+    /* copy .data section from flash to RAM */
+    // Not needed for this example, see linker script
+    // for( uint32_t * src = &_sidata, * dest = &_sdata; dest < &_edata; )
+    // {
+    //     *dest++ = *src++;
+    // }
+
+    /* zero out .bss section */
+    for( uint32_t * dest = &_sbss; dest < &_ebss; )
+    {
+        *dest++ = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* jump to board initialisation */
+    void _start( void );
+    _start();
+}
+
+const uint32_t * isr_vector[] __attribute__( ( section( ".isr_vector" ) ) ) =
+{
+    ( uint32_t * ) &_estack,
+    ( uint32_t * ) &Reset_Handler,       /* Reset                -15 */
+    0,     /* NMI_Handler          -14 */
+    0,    /* HardFault_Handler    -13 */
+    0,    /* MemManage_Handler    -12 */
+    0,    /* BusFault_Handler     -11 */
+    0,    /* UsageFault_Handler   -10 */
+    0,                                   /* reserved */
+    0,                                   /* reserved */
+    0,                                   /* reserved */
+    0,                                   /* reserved   -6 */
+    0,     /* SVC_Handler              -5 */
+    0,    /* DebugMon_Handler         -4 */
+    0,                                   /* reserved */
+    0,  /* PendSV handler    -2 */
+    0, /* SysTick_Handler   -1 */
+    0,                                   /* uart0 receive 0 */
+    0,                                   /* uart0 transmit */
+    0,                                   /* uart1 receive */
+    0,                                   /* uart1 transmit */
+    0,                                   /* uart 2 receive */
+    0,                                   /* uart 2 transmit */
+    0,                                   /* GPIO 0 combined interrupt */
+    0,                                   /* GPIO 2 combined interrupt */
+    0,                                   /* Timer 0 */
+    0,                                   /* Timer 1 */
+    0,                                   /* Dial Timer */
+    0,                                   /* SPI0 SPI1 */
+    0,                                   /* uart overflow 1, 2,3 */
+    0,                                   /* Ethernet   13 */
+};
+
+__attribute__( ( naked ) ) void exit(__attribute__((unused)) int status )
+{
+    /* Force qemu to exit using ARM Semihosting */
+    __asm volatile (
+        "mov r1, r0\n"
+        "cmp r1, #0\n"
+        "bne .notclean\n"
+        "ldr r1, =0x20026\n" /* ADP_Stopped_ApplicationExit, a clean exit */
+        ".notclean:\n"
+        "movs r0, #0x18\n"   /* SYS_EXIT */
+        "bkpt 0xab\n"
+        "end: b end\n"
+        );
+}
+
+void _start( void )
+{
+    main( );
+    exit( 0 );
+}
+

fuzzers/FRET/fuzzer.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+parent_path=$( cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" ; pwd -P )
+cd "$parent_path"
+
+[ -n "$1" -a "$1" != "+" -a -z "$KERNEL" ] && export KERNEL="$1"
+[ -n "$2" -a "$2" != "+" -a -z "$FUZZ_MAIN" ]   && export FUZZ_MAIN="$2"
+[ -n "$3" -a "$3" != "+" -a -z "$FUZZ_INPUT" ]  && export FUZZ_INPUT="$3"
+[ -n "$4" -a "$4" != "+" -a -z "$FUZZ_INPUT_LEN" ]  && export FUZZ_INPUT_LEN="$4"
+[ -n "$5" -a "$5" != "+" -a -z "$BREAKPOINT" ]  && export BREAKPOINT="$5"
+[ -n "$6" -a "$6" != "+" -a -z "$FUZZ_ITERS" ]  && export FUZZ_ITERS="$6"
+[ -n "$7" -a "$7" != "+" -a -z "$TIME_DUMP" ]  && export TIME_DUMP="$7"
+[ -n "$8" -a "$8" != "+" -a -z "$CASE_DUMP" ]  && export CASE_DUMP="$8"
+[ -n "$9" -a "$9" != "+" -a -z "$DO_SHOWMAP" ]  && export DO_SHOWMAP="$9"
+[ -n "${10}" -a "${10}" != "+" -a -z "$SHOWMAP_TEXTINPUT" ]  && export SHOWMAP_TEXTINPUT="${10}"
+[ -n "${11}" -a "${11}" != "+" -a -z "$TRACE_DUMP" ]  && export TRACE_DUMP="${11}"
+
+[ -z "$FUZZER" ] && export FUZZER=target/debug/fret
+set +e
+$FUZZER -icount shift=4,align=off,sleep=off -machine mps2-an385 -monitor null -kernel $KERNEL -serial null -nographic -S -semihosting --semihosting-config enable=on,target=native -snapshot -drive if=none,format=qcow2,file=dummy.qcow2
+if [ "$exitcode" = "101" ]
+then
+    exit 101
+else
+    exit 0
+fi

fuzzers/FRET/src/clock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+use hashbrown::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap};
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::{
+        current_nanos,
+        rands::StdRand,
+        tuples::{tuple_list},
+    },
+    executors::{ExitKind},
+    fuzzer::{StdFuzzer},
+    inputs::{BytesInput, HasTargetBytes},
+    observers::{Observer,VariableMapObserver},
+    state::{StdState, HasNamedMetadata},
+    Error,
+    observers::ObserversTuple, prelude::UsesInput, impl_serdeany,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::{cell::UnsafeCell, cmp::max, env, fs::OpenOptions, io::Write, time::Instant};
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::Named;
+
+use libafl_qemu::{
+    emu,
+    emu::Emulator,
+    executor::QemuExecutor,
+    helper::{QemuHelper, QemuHelperTuple, QemuInstrumentationFilter},
+};
+use libafl::events::EventFirer;
+use libafl::state::HasClientPerfMonitor;
+use libafl::inputs::Input;
+use libafl::feedbacks::Feedback;
+use libafl::SerdeAny;
+use libafl::state::HasMetadata;
+use libafl::corpus::testcase::Testcase;
+use core::{fmt::Debug, time::Duration};
+// use libafl::feedbacks::FeedbackState;
+// use libafl::state::HasFeedbackStates;
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::MatchName;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+pub static mut FUZZ_START_TIMESTAMP : SystemTime = UNIX_EPOCH;
+
+//========== Metadata
+#[derive(Debug, SerdeAny, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct QemuIcountMetadata {
+    runtime: u64,
+}
+
+/// Metadata for [`QemuClockIncreaseFeedback`]
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, SerdeAny)]
+pub struct MaxIcountMetadata {
+    pub max_icount_seen: u64,
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+// impl FeedbackState for MaxIcountMetadata
+// {
+//     fn reset(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+//         self.max_icount_seen = 0;
+//         Ok(())
+//     }
+// }
+
+impl Named for MaxIcountMetadata
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.name.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl MaxIcountMetadata
+{
+    /// Create new `MaxIcountMetadata`
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            max_icount_seen: 0,
+            name: name.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for MaxIcountMetadata {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new("MaxClock")
+    }
+}
+
+/// A piece of metadata tracking all icounts
+#[derive(Debug, SerdeAny, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct IcHist (pub Vec<(u64, u128)>, pub (u64,u128));
+
+//========== Observer
+
+/// A simple observer, just overlooking the runtime of the target.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct QemuClockObserver {
+    name: String,
+    start_tick: u64,
+    end_tick: u64,
+}
+
+impl QemuClockObserver {
+    /// Creates a new [`QemuClockObserver`] with the given name.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            start_tick: 0,
+            end_tick: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the runtime for the last execution of this target.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn last_runtime(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.end_tick - self.start_tick
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> Observer<S> for QemuClockObserver
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasMetadata,
+{
+    fn pre_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // Only remember the pre-run ticks if presistent mode ist used
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "snapshot_restore"))]
+        unsafe {
+            self.start_tick=emu::icount_get_raw();
+            self.end_tick=self.start_tick;
+        }
+        // unsafe {
+        //     println!("clock pre {}",emu::icount_get_raw());
+        // }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn post_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input, _exit_kind: &ExitKind) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unsafe { self.end_tick = emu::icount_get_raw() };
+        // println!("clock post {}", self.end_tick);
+        // println!("Number of Ticks: {} <- {} {}",self.end_tick - self.start_tick, self.end_tick, self.start_tick);
+        let metadata =_state.metadata_mut();
+        let hist = metadata.get_mut::<IcHist>();
+        let timestamp = SystemTime::now().duration_since(unsafe {FUZZ_START_TIMESTAMP}).unwrap().as_millis();
+        match hist {
+            None => {
+                metadata.insert(IcHist(vec![(self.end_tick - self.start_tick, timestamp)],
+                (self.end_tick - self.start_tick, timestamp)));
+            }
+            Some(v) => {
+                v.0.push((self.end_tick - self.start_tick, timestamp));
+                if (v.1.0 < self.end_tick-self.start_tick) {
+                    v.1 = (self.end_tick - self.start_tick, timestamp);
+                }
+                if v.0.len() >= 100 {
+                    if let Ok(td) = env::var("TIME_DUMP") {
+                        let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
+                            .read(true)
+                            .write(true)
+                            .create(true)
+                            .append(true)
+                            .open(td).expect("Could not open timedump");
+                        let newv : Vec<(u64, u128)> = Vec::with_capacity(100);
+                        for i in std::mem::replace(&mut v.0, newv).into_iter() {
+                            writeln!(file, "{},{}", i.0, i.1).expect("Write to dump failed");
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // If we don't write out values we don't need to remember them at all
+                        v.0.clear();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for QemuClockObserver {
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for QemuClockObserver {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: String::from("clock"),
+            start_tick: 0,
+            end_tick: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//========== Feedback
+/// Nop feedback that annotates execution time in the new testcase, if any
+/// for this Feedback, the testcase is never interesting (use with an OR).
+/// It decides, if the given [`QemuClockObserver`] value of a run is interesting.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ClockTimeFeedback {
+    exec_time: Option<Duration>,
+    name: String,
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for ClockTimeFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor + HasMetadata,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        // TODO Replace with match_name_type when stable
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuClockObserver>(self.name()).unwrap();
+        self.exec_time = Some(Duration::from_nanos(observer.last_runtime() << 4)); // Assume a somewhat realistic multiplier of clock, it does not matter
+        Ok(false)
+    }
+
+    /// Append to the testcase the generated metadata in case of a new corpus item
+    #[inline]
+    fn append_metadata(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        testcase: &mut Testcase<S::Input>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        *testcase.exec_time_mut() = self.exec_time;
+        self.exec_time = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Discard the stored metadata in case that the testcase is not added to the corpus
+    #[inline]
+    fn discard_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.exec_time = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for ClockTimeFeedback {
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.name.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ClockTimeFeedback {
+    /// Creates a new [`ClockFeedback`], deciding if the value of a [`QemuClockObserver`] with the given `name` of a run is interesting.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            exec_time: None,
+            name: name.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new [`ClockFeedback`], deciding if the given [`QemuClockObserver`] value of a run is interesting.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new_with_observer(observer: &QemuClockObserver) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            exec_time: None,
+            name: observer.name().to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A [`Feedback`] rewarding increasing the execution cycles on Qemu.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct QemuClockIncreaseFeedback {
+    name: String,
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for QemuClockIncreaseFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasNamedMetadata + HasClientPerfMonitor + Debug,
+{
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        _observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        let observer = _observers.match_name::<QemuClockObserver>("clock")
+            .expect("QemuClockObserver not found");
+        let clock_state = state
+            .named_metadata_mut()
+            .get_mut::<MaxIcountMetadata>(&self.name)
+            .unwrap();
+        if observer.last_runtime() > clock_state.max_icount_seen {
+            // println!("Clock improving {}",observer.last_runtime());
+            clock_state.max_icount_seen = observer.last_runtime();
+            return Ok(true);
+        }
+        Ok(false)
+    }
+
+    /// Append to the testcase the generated metadata in case of a new corpus item
+    #[inline]
+    fn append_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, testcase: &mut Testcase<S::Input>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // testcase.metadata_mut().insert(QemuIcountMetadata{runtime: self.last_runtime});
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Discard the stored metadata in case that the testcase is not added to the corpus
+    #[inline]
+    fn discard_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+}
+
+impl Named for QemuClockIncreaseFeedback {
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+impl QemuClockIncreaseFeedback {
+    /// Creates a new [`HitFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self {name: String::from(name)}
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for QemuClockIncreaseFeedback {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new("MaxClock")
+    }
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/fuzzer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+//! A fuzzer using qemu in systemmode for binary-only coverage of kernels
+//!
+use core::time::Duration;
+use std::{env, path::PathBuf, process::{self, abort}, io::{Read, Write}, fs::{self, OpenOptions}, cmp::{min, max}, mem::transmute_copy, collections::btree_map::Range};
+
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::{
+        core_affinity::Cores,
+        current_nanos,
+        launcher::Launcher,
+        rands::StdRand,
+        shmem::{ShMemProvider, StdShMemProvider},
+        tuples::tuple_list,
+        AsSlice,
+    },
+    corpus::{Corpus, InMemoryCorpus, OnDiskCorpus},
+    events::EventConfig,
+    executors::{ExitKind, TimeoutExecutor},
+    feedback_or,
+    feedback_or_fast,
+    feedbacks::{CrashFeedback, MaxMapFeedback, TimeoutFeedback},
+    fuzzer::{Fuzzer, StdFuzzer},
+    inputs::{BytesInput, HasTargetBytes},
+    monitors::MultiMonitor,
+    observers::{VariableMapObserver},
+    schedulers::{IndexesLenTimeMinimizerScheduler, QueueScheduler},
+    state::{HasCorpus, StdState, HasMetadata, HasNamedMetadata},
+    Error,
+    prelude::{SimpleMonitor, SimpleEventManager, AsMutSlice, RandBytesGenerator, Generator, SimpleRestartingEventManager, HasBytesVec, minimizer::TopRatedsMetadata, havoc_mutations, StdScheduledMutator, HitcountsMapObserver}, Evaluator, stages::StdMutationalStage,
+};
+use libafl_qemu::{
+    edges, edges::QemuEdgeCoverageHelper, elf::EasyElf, emu::Emulator, GuestPhysAddr, QemuExecutor,
+    QemuHooks, Regs, QemuInstrumentationFilter, GuestAddr,
+    emu::libafl_qemu_set_native_breakpoint, emu::libafl_qemu_remove_native_breakpoint,
+};
+use rand::{SeedableRng, StdRng, Rng};
+use crate::{
+    clock::{QemuClockObserver, ClockTimeFeedback, QemuClockIncreaseFeedback, IcHist, FUZZ_START_TIMESTAMP},
+    qemustate::QemuStateRestoreHelper,
+    systemstate::{helpers::QemuSystemStateHelper, observers::QemuSystemStateObserver, feedbacks::{DumpSystraceFeedback, NovelSystemStateFeedback}, graph::{SysMapFeedback, SysGraphFeedbackState, GraphMaximizerCorpusScheduler}, schedulers::{LongestTraceScheduler, GenerationScheduler}}, worst::{TimeMaximizerCorpusScheduler, ExecTimeIncFeedback, TimeStateMaximizerCorpusScheduler, AlwaysTrueFeedback},
+    mutational::MyStateStage,
+    mutational::{MINIMUM_INTER_ARRIVAL_TIME}, 
+};
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+pub static mut RNG_SEED: u64 = 1;
+
+pub static mut LIMIT : u32 = u32::MAX;
+
+pub const MAX_NUM_INTERRUPT: usize = 32;
+pub const DO_NUM_INTERRUPT: usize = 32;
+pub static mut MAX_INPUT_SIZE: usize = 32;
+/// Read ELF program headers to resolve physical load addresses.
+fn virt2phys(vaddr: GuestPhysAddr, tab: &EasyElf) -> GuestPhysAddr {
+    let ret;
+    for i in &tab.goblin().program_headers {
+        if i.vm_range().contains(&vaddr.try_into().unwrap()) {
+            ret = vaddr - TryInto::<GuestPhysAddr>::try_into(i.p_vaddr).unwrap()
+                + TryInto::<GuestPhysAddr>::try_into(i.p_paddr).unwrap();
+            return ret - (ret % 2);
+        }
+    }
+    return vaddr;
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+    static mut libafl_interrupt_offsets : [u32; 32];
+    static mut libafl_num_interrupts : usize;
+}
+
+pub fn fuzz() {
+    unsafe {FUZZ_START_TIMESTAMP = SystemTime::now();}
+    let mut starttime = std::time::Instant::now();
+    if let Ok(s) = env::var("FUZZ_SIZE") {
+        str::parse::<usize>(&s).expect("FUZZ_SIZE was not a number");
+    };
+    // Hardcoded parameters
+    let timeout = Duration::from_secs(10);
+    let broker_port = 1337;
+    let cores = Cores::from_cmdline("1").unwrap();
+    let corpus_dirs = [PathBuf::from("./corpus")];
+    let objective_dir = PathBuf::from("./crashes");
+
+    let mut elf_buffer = Vec::new();
+    let elf = EasyElf::from_file(
+        env::var("KERNEL").expect("KERNEL env not set"),
+        &mut elf_buffer,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+
+    // the main address where the fuzzer starts
+    // if this is set for freeRTOS it has an influence on where the data will have to be written,
+    // since the startup routine copies the data segemnt to it's virtual address
+    let main_addr = elf
+        .resolve_symbol(&env::var("FUZZ_MAIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "FUZZ_MAIN".to_owned()), 0);
+    if let Some(main_addr) = main_addr {
+        println!("main address = {:#x}", main_addr);
+    }
+
+    let input_addr = elf
+        .resolve_symbol(
+            &env::var("FUZZ_INPUT").unwrap_or_else(|_| "FUZZ_INPUT".to_owned()),
+            0,
+        )
+        .expect("Symbol or env FUZZ_INPUT not found") as GuestPhysAddr;
+    let input_addr = virt2phys(input_addr,&elf) as GuestPhysAddr;
+    println!("FUZZ_INPUT @ {:#x}", input_addr);
+
+    let test_length_ptr = elf
+        .resolve_symbol("FUZZ_LENGTH", 0).map(|x| x as GuestPhysAddr);
+    let test_length_ptr = Option::map_or(test_length_ptr, None, |x| Some(virt2phys(x,&elf)));
+
+    let input_counter_ptr = elf
+        .resolve_symbol(&env::var("FUZZ_POINTER").unwrap_or_else(|_| "FUZZ_POINTER".to_owned()), 0)
+        .map(|x| x as GuestPhysAddr);
+    let input_counter_ptr = Option::map_or(input_counter_ptr, None, |x| Some(virt2phys(x,&elf)));
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    let curr_tcb_pointer = elf              // loads to the address specified in elf, without respecting program headers
+        .resolve_symbol("pxCurrentTCB", 0)
+        .expect("Symbol pxCurrentTCBC not found");
+    // let curr_tcb_pointer = virt2phys(curr_tcb_pointer,&elf);
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    println!("TCB pointer at {:#x}", curr_tcb_pointer);
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    let task_queue_addr = elf
+        .resolve_symbol("pxReadyTasksLists", 0)
+        .expect("Symbol pxReadyTasksLists not found");
+    // let task_queue_addr = virt2phys(task_queue_addr,&elf.goblin());
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    println!("Task Queue at {:#x}", task_queue_addr);
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    let svh = elf
+        .resolve_symbol("xPortPendSVHandler", 0)
+        .expect("Symbol xPortPendSVHandler not found");
+    // let svh=virt2phys(svh, &elf);
+    // let svh = elf
+    //     .resolve_symbol("vPortEnterCritical", 0)
+    //     .expect("Symbol vPortEnterCritical not found");
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    let app_start = elf
+        .resolve_symbol("__APP_CODE_START__", 0)
+        .expect("Symbol __APP_CODE_START__ not found");
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    let app_end = elf
+        .resolve_symbol("__APP_CODE_END__", 0)
+        .expect("Symbol __APP_CODE_END__ not found");
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    let app_range = app_start..app_end;
+    #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+    dbg!(app_range.clone());
+
+    let breakpoint = elf
+        .resolve_symbol(
+            &env::var("BREAKPOINT").unwrap_or_else(|_| "BREAKPOINT".to_owned()),
+            0,
+        )
+        .expect("Symbol or env BREAKPOINT not found");
+    println!("Breakpoint address = {:#x}", breakpoint);
+    unsafe {
+        libafl_num_interrupts = 0;
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(input_len) = env::var("FUZZ_INPUT_LEN") {
+        unsafe {MAX_INPUT_SIZE = str::parse::<usize>(&input_len).expect("FUZZ_INPUT_LEN was not a number");}
+    }
+    unsafe {dbg!(MAX_INPUT_SIZE);}
+
+    if let Ok(seed) = env::var("SEED_RANDOM") {
+        unsafe {RNG_SEED = str::parse::<u64>(&seed).expect("SEED_RANDOM must be an integer.");}
+    }
+
+    let mut run_client = |state: Option<_>, mut mgr, _core_id| {
+        // Initialize QEMU
+        let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+        let env: Vec<(String, String)> = env::vars().collect();
+        let emu = Emulator::new(&args, &env);
+
+        if let Some(main_addr) = main_addr {
+            unsafe {
+                libafl_qemu_set_native_breakpoint(main_addr);
+                emu.run();
+                libafl_qemu_remove_native_breakpoint(main_addr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsafe { libafl_qemu_set_native_breakpoint(breakpoint); }// BREAKPOINT 
+
+        // The wrapped harness function, calling out to the LLVM-style harness
+        let mut harness = |input: &BytesInput| {
+            let target = input.target_bytes();
+            let mut buf = target.as_slice();
+            let mut len = buf.len();
+            unsafe {
+                #[cfg(feature = "fuzz_int")]
+                {
+                    let mut start_tick : u32 = 0;
+                    for i in 0..DO_NUM_INTERRUPT {
+                        let mut t : [u8; 4] = [0,0,0,0];
+                        if len > (i+1)*4 {
+                            for j in 0 as usize..4 as usize {
+                                t[j]=buf[i*4+j];
+                            }
+                            if i == 0 || true {
+                                unsafe {start_tick = u32::from_le_bytes(t) % LIMIT;}
+                            } else {
+                                start_tick = u32::saturating_add(start_tick,max(MINIMUM_INTER_ARRIVAL_TIME,u32::from_le_bytes(t)));
+                            }
+                            libafl_interrupt_offsets[i] = start_tick;
+                            libafl_num_interrupts = i+1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if buf.len() > libafl_num_interrupts*4 {
+                        buf = &buf[libafl_num_interrupts*4..];
+                        len = buf.len();
+                    }
+                    // println!("Load: {:?}", libafl_interrupt_offsets[0..libafl_num_interrupts].to_vec());
+                }
+                if len > MAX_INPUT_SIZE {
+                    buf = &buf[0..MAX_INPUT_SIZE];
+                    len = MAX_INPUT_SIZE;
+                }
+
+                emu.write_phys_mem(input_addr, buf);
+                if let Some(s) = test_length_ptr {
+                    emu.write_phys_mem(s as u64, &len.to_le_bytes())
+                }
+
+                emu.run();
+
+                // If the execution stops at any point other then the designated breakpoint (e.g. a breakpoint on a panic method) we consider it a crash
+                let mut pcs = (0..emu.num_cpus())
+                    .map(|i| emu.cpu_from_index(i))
+                    .map(|cpu| -> Result<u32, String> { cpu.read_reg(Regs::Pc) });
+                match pcs
+                    .find(|pc| (breakpoint..breakpoint + 5).contains(pc.as_ref().unwrap_or(&0)))
+                {
+                    Some(_) => ExitKind::Ok,
+                    None => ExitKind::Crash,
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Create an observation channel using the coverage map
+        let edges = unsafe { &mut edges::EDGES_MAP };
+        let edges_counter = unsafe { &mut edges::MAX_EDGES_NUM };
+        let edges_observer = VariableMapObserver::new("edges", edges, edges_counter);
+        #[cfg(feature = "observer_hitcounts")]
+        let edges_observer = HitcountsMapObserver::new(edges_observer);
+
+        // Create an observation channel to keep track of the execution time
+        let clock_time_observer = QemuClockObserver::new("clocktime");
+
+        let systemstate_observer = QemuSystemStateObserver::new();
+
+        // Feedback to rate the interestingness of an input
+        // This one is composed by two Feedbacks in OR
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            // Time feedback, this one does not need a feedback state
+            ClockTimeFeedback::new_with_observer(&clock_time_observer)
+        );
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_genetic")]
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            feedback,
+            AlwaysTrueFeedback::new()
+        );
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_afl")]
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            feedback,
+            // New maximization map feedback linked to the edges observer and the feedback state
+            MaxMapFeedback::new_tracking(&edges_observer, true, true)
+        );
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_longest")]
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            // afl feedback needs to be activated first for MapIndexesMetadata
+            feedback,
+            // Feedback to reward any input which increses the execution time
+            ExecTimeIncFeedback::new()
+        );
+        #[cfg(all(feature = "systemstate",not(any(feature = "feed_systemgraph",feature = "feed_systemtrace"))))]
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            feedback,
+            DumpSystraceFeedback::with_dump(env::var("TRACE_DUMP").ok().map(PathBuf::from))
+        );
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemtrace")]
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            feedback,
+            // AlwaysTrueFeedback::new(),
+            NovelSystemStateFeedback::default()
+        );
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemgraph")]
+        let mut feedback = feedback_or!(
+            feedback,
+            SysMapFeedback::default()
+        );
+
+        // A feedback to choose if an input is a solution or not
+        let mut objective = feedback_or_fast!(CrashFeedback::new(), TimeoutFeedback::new());
+
+        // If not restarting, create a State from scratch
+        let mut state = state.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            StdState::new(
+                // RNG
+                unsafe {StdRand::with_seed(RNG_SEED) },
+                // Corpus that will be evolved, we keep it in memory for performance
+                InMemoryCorpus::new(),
+                // Corpus in which we store solutions (crashes in this example),
+                // on disk so the user can get them after stopping the fuzzer
+                OnDiskCorpus::new(objective_dir.clone()).unwrap(),
+                // States of the feedbacks.
+                // The feedbacks can report the data that should persist in the State.
+                &mut feedback,
+                // Same for objective feedbacks
+                &mut objective,
+            )
+            .unwrap()
+        });
+
+        // A minimization+queue policy to get testcasess from the corpus
+        #[cfg(not(any(feature = "feed_afl",feature = "feed_systemgraph",feature = "feed_systemtrace", feature = "feed_genetic")))]
+        let scheduler = QueueScheduler::new();
+        #[cfg(all(feature = "feed_afl",not(any(feature = "feed_systemgraph",feature = "feed_systemtrace"))))]
+        let scheduler = TimeMaximizerCorpusScheduler::new(QueueScheduler::new());
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemtrace")]
+        let scheduler = LongestTraceScheduler::new(TimeStateMaximizerCorpusScheduler::new(QueueScheduler::new()));
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemgraph")]
+        let scheduler = GraphMaximizerCorpusScheduler::new(QueueScheduler::new());
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_genetic")]
+        let scheduler = GenerationScheduler::new();
+
+        // A fuzzer with feedbacks and a corpus scheduler
+        let mut fuzzer = StdFuzzer::new(scheduler, feedback, objective);
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "systemstate"))]
+        let qhelpers = tuple_list!(
+                QemuEdgeCoverageHelper::default(),
+                QemuStateRestoreHelper::new()
+            );
+        #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+        let qhelpers = tuple_list!(
+                QemuEdgeCoverageHelper::default(),
+                QemuStateRestoreHelper::new(),
+                QemuSystemStateHelper::new(svh,curr_tcb_pointer,task_queue_addr,input_counter_ptr,app_range.clone())
+            );
+        let mut hooks = QemuHooks::new(&emu,qhelpers);
+
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "systemstate"))]
+        let observer_list = tuple_list!(edges_observer, clock_time_observer);
+        #[cfg(feature = "systemstate")]
+        let observer_list = tuple_list!(edges_observer, clock_time_observer, systemstate_observer);
+
+        // Create a QEMU in-process executor
+        let executor = QemuExecutor::new(
+            &mut hooks,
+            &mut harness,
+            observer_list,
+            &mut fuzzer,
+            &mut state,
+            &mut mgr,
+        )
+        .expect("Failed to create QemuExecutor");
+
+        // Wrap the executor to keep track of the timeout
+        let mut executor = TimeoutExecutor::new(executor, timeout);
+
+        let mutations = havoc_mutations();
+        // Setup an havoc mutator with a mutational stage
+        let mutator = StdScheduledMutator::new(mutations);
+        // #[cfg(not(all(feature = "feed_systemtrace", feature = "fuzz_int")))]
+        // let mut stages = tuple_list!(StdMutationalStage::new(mutator));
+        // #[cfg(all(feature = "feed_systemtrace", feature = "fuzz_int"))]
+        #[cfg(feature = "fuzz_int")]
+        let mut stages = tuple_list!(StdMutationalStage::new(mutator),MyStateStage::new());
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "fuzz_int"))]
+        let mut stages = tuple_list!(StdMutationalStage::new(mutator));
+
+        if env::var("DO_SHOWMAP").is_ok() {
+            let s = &env::var("DO_SHOWMAP").unwrap();
+            let show_input = if s=="-" {
+                    let mut buf = Vec::<u8>::new();
+                    std::io::stdin().read_to_end(&mut buf).expect("Could not read Stdin");
+                    buf
+                } else if s=="$" {
+                    env::var("SHOWMAP_TEXTINPUT").expect("SHOWMAP_TEXTINPUT not set").as_bytes().to_owned()
+                } else {
+                    fs::read(s).expect("Input file for DO_SHOWMAP can not be read")
+                };
+            fuzzer.evaluate_input(&mut state, &mut executor, &mut mgr, BytesInput::new(show_input))
+                .unwrap();
+            if let Ok(td) = env::var("TIME_DUMP") {
+                let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
+                    .read(true)
+                    .write(true)
+                    .create(true)
+                    .append(true)
+                    .open(td).expect("Could not open timedump");
+                if let Some(ichist) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<IcHist>() {
+                    for i in ichist.0.drain(..) {
+                        writeln!(file, "{},{}", i.0, i.1).expect("Write to dump failed");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if let Ok(_) = env::var("SEED_RANDOM") {
+                unsafe {
+                    let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(RNG_SEED);
+                    for i in 0..100 {
+                        let inp = BytesInput::new(vec![rng.gen::<u8>(); MAX_INPUT_SIZE]);
+                        fuzzer.evaluate_input(&mut state, &mut executor, &mut mgr, inp).unwrap();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if let Ok(sf) = env::var("SEED_DIR") {
+                state
+                    .load_initial_inputs(&mut fuzzer, &mut executor, &mut mgr, &[PathBuf::from(&sf)])
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                        println!("Failed to load initial corpus at {:?}", &corpus_dirs);
+                        process::exit(0);
+                    });
+                println!("We imported {} inputs from seedfile.", state.corpus().count());
+            } else if state.corpus().count() < 1 {
+                state
+                    .load_initial_inputs(&mut fuzzer, &mut executor, &mut mgr, &corpus_dirs)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                        println!("Failed to load initial corpus at {:?}", &corpus_dirs);
+                        process::exit(0);
+                    });
+                println!("We imported {} inputs from disk.", state.corpus().count());
+            }
+
+            match env::var("FUZZ_ITERS") {
+                Err(_) => {
+                    fuzzer
+                        .fuzz_loop(&mut stages, &mut executor, &mut state, &mut mgr)
+                        .unwrap();
+                },
+                Ok(t) => {
+                    println!("Iterations {}",t);
+                    let num = str::parse::<u64>(&t).expect("FUZZ_ITERS was not a number");
+                    if let Ok(s) = env::var("FUZZ_RANDOM") { unsafe {
+                        if s.contains("watersv2_int") {
+                            println!("V2");
+                            LIMIT=7000000;
+                        } else {
+                            println!("V1");
+                            LIMIT=5000000;
+                        }
+                        println!("Random Fuzzing, ignore corpus");
+                        // let mut generator = RandBytesGenerator::new(MAX_INPUT_SIZE);
+                        let target_duration = Duration::from_secs(num);
+                        let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
+                        let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(RNG_SEED);
+                        while start_time.elapsed() < target_duration {
+                            // let inp = generator.generate(&mut state).unwrap();
+                            // libafl's generator is too slow
+                            let inp = BytesInput::new(vec![rng.gen::<u8>(); MAX_INPUT_SIZE]);
+                            fuzzer.evaluate_input(&mut state, &mut executor, &mut mgr, inp).unwrap();
+                        }
+                    }} else {
+                        // fuzzer
+                        //     .fuzz_loop_for_duration(&mut stages, &mut executor, &mut state, &mut mgr, Duration::from_secs(num))
+                        //     .unwrap();
+                        fuzzer
+                            .fuzz_loop_until(&mut stages, &mut executor, &mut state, &mut mgr, starttime.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(num)).unwrap())
+                            .unwrap();
+                        #[cfg(feature = "run_until_saturation")]
+                        {
+                            {
+                            let mut dumper = |marker : String| {
+                            if let Ok(td) = env::var("TIME_DUMP") {
+                                let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
+                                    .read(true)
+                                    .write(true)
+                                    .create(true)
+                                    .append(true)
+                                    .open(td).expect("Could not open timedump");
+                                if let Some(ichist) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<IcHist>() {
+                                    for i in ichist.0.drain(..) {
+                                        writeln!(file, "{},{}", i.0, i.1).expect("Write to dump failed");
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            if let Ok(td) = env::var("CASE_DUMP") {
+                                println!("Dumping worst case to {:?}", td);
+                                let corpus = state.corpus();
+                                let mut worst = Duration::new(0,0);
+                                let mut worst_input = None;
+                                for i in 0..corpus.count() {
+                                    let tc = corpus.get(i).expect("Could not get element from corpus").borrow();
+                                    if worst < tc.exec_time().expect("Testcase missing duration") {
+                                        worst_input = Some(tc.input().as_ref().unwrap().bytes().to_owned());
+                                        worst = tc.exec_time().expect("Testcase missing duration");
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                match worst_input {
+                                    Some(wi) => {
+                                        // let cd = format!("{}.case",&td);
+                                        let mut cd = td.clone();
+                                        cd.push_str(&marker);
+                                        fs::write(&cd,wi).expect("Failed to write worst corpus element");
+                                    },
+                                    None => (),
+                                }
+                                #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemgraph")]
+                                {
+                                    let mut gd = String::from(&td);
+                                    gd.push_str(&format!(".graph{}", marker));
+                                    if let Some(md) = state.named_metadata_mut().get_mut::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap") {
+                                        fs::write(&gd,ron::to_string(&md).expect("Failed to serialize graph")).expect("Failed to write graph");
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                {
+                                    let mut gd = String::from(&td);
+                                    if let Some(md) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<TopRatedsMetadata>() {
+                                        let mut uniq: Vec<usize> = md.map.values().map(|x| x.clone()).collect();
+                                        uniq.sort();
+                                        uniq.dedup();
+                                        gd.push_str(&format!(".{}.toprated{}", uniq.len(), marker));
+                                        fs::write(&gd,ron::to_string(&md.map).expect("Failed to serialize metadata")).expect("Failed to write graph");
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            };
+                            dumper(format!(".iter_{}",t));
+                            }
+                            println!("Start running until saturation");
+                            let mut last = state.metadata().get::<IcHist>().unwrap().1;
+                            while SystemTime::now().duration_since(unsafe {FUZZ_START_TIMESTAMP}).unwrap().as_millis() < last.1 + Duration::from_secs(10800).as_millis() {
+                                starttime=starttime.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(30)).unwrap();
+                                fuzzer
+                                    .fuzz_loop_until(&mut stages, &mut executor, &mut state, &mut mgr, starttime)
+                                    .unwrap();
+                                let after = state.metadata().get::<IcHist>().unwrap().1;
+                                if after.0 > last.0 {
+                                    last=after;
+                                }
+                                if let Ok(td) = env::var("CASE_DUMP") {
+                                    println!("Dumping worst case to {:?}", td);
+                                    let corpus = state.corpus();
+                                    let mut worst = Duration::new(0,0);
+                                    let mut worst_input = None;
+                                    for i in 0..corpus.count() {
+                                        let tc = corpus.get(i).expect("Could not get element from corpus").borrow();
+                                        if worst < tc.exec_time().expect("Testcase missing duration") {
+                                            worst_input = Some(tc.input().as_ref().unwrap().bytes().to_owned());
+                                            worst = tc.exec_time().expect("Testcase missing duration");
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    match worst_input {
+                                        Some(wi) => {
+                                            // let cd = format!("{}.case",&td);
+                                            let cd = td.clone();
+                                            fs::write(&cd,wi).expect("Failed to write worst corpus element");
+                                        },
+                                        None => (),
+                                    }
+                                    #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemgraph")]
+                                    {
+                                        let mut gd = String::from(&td);
+                                        gd.push_str(".graph" );
+                                        if let Some(md) = state.named_metadata_mut().get_mut::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap") {
+                                            fs::write(&gd,ron::to_string(&md).expect("Failed to serialize graph")).expect("Failed to write graph");
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    {
+                                        let mut gd = String::from(&td);
+                                        if let Some(md) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<TopRatedsMetadata>() {
+                                            let mut uniq: Vec<usize> = md.map.values().map(|x| x.clone()).collect();
+                                            uniq.sort();
+                                            uniq.dedup();
+                                            gd.push_str(&format!(".{}.toprated", uniq.len()));
+                                            fs::write(&gd,ron::to_string(&md.map).expect("Failed to serialize metadata")).expect("Failed to write graph");
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if let Ok(td) = env::var("TIME_DUMP") {
+                        let mut file = OpenOptions::new()
+                            .read(true)
+                            .write(true)
+                            .create(true)
+                            .append(true)
+                            .open(td).expect("Could not open timedump");
+                        if let Some(ichist) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<IcHist>() {
+                            for i in ichist.0.drain(..) {
+                                writeln!(file, "{},{}", i.0, i.1).expect("Write to dump failed");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if let Ok(td) = env::var("CASE_DUMP") {
+                        println!("Dumping worst case to {:?}", td);
+                        let corpus = state.corpus();
+                        let mut worst = Duration::new(0,0);
+                        let mut worst_input = None;
+                        for i in 0..corpus.count() {
+                            let tc = corpus.get(i).expect("Could not get element from corpus").borrow();
+                            if worst < tc.exec_time().expect("Testcase missing duration") {
+                                worst_input = Some(tc.input().as_ref().unwrap().bytes().to_owned());
+                                worst = tc.exec_time().expect("Testcase missing duration");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        match worst_input {
+                            Some(wi) => {
+                                // let cd = format!("{}.case",&td);
+                                let cd = td.clone();
+                                fs::write(&cd,wi).expect("Failed to write worst corpus element");
+                            },
+                            None => (),
+                        }
+                        #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemgraph")]
+                        {
+                            let mut gd = String::from(&td);
+                            gd.push_str(".graph");
+                            if let Some(md) = state.named_metadata_mut().get_mut::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap") {
+                                fs::write(&gd,ron::to_string(&md).expect("Failed to serialize graph")).expect("Failed to write graph");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        {
+                            let mut gd = String::from(&td);
+                            if let Some(md) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<TopRatedsMetadata>() {
+                                let mut uniq: Vec<usize> = md.map.values().map(|x| x.clone()).collect();
+                                uniq.sort();
+                                uniq.dedup();
+                                gd.push_str(&format!(".{}.toprated", uniq.len()));
+                                fs::write(&gd,ron::to_string(&md.map).expect("Failed to serialize metadata")).expect("Failed to write graph");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "singlecore"))]
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    // Special case where no fuzzing happens, but standard input is dumped
+    if let Ok(input_dump) = env::var("DUMP_SEED") {
+        // Initialize QEMU
+        let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+        let env: Vec<(String, String)> = env::vars().collect();
+        let emu = Emulator::new(&args, &env);
+
+        if let Some(main_addr) = main_addr {
+            unsafe { libafl_qemu_set_native_breakpoint(main_addr); }// BREAKPOINT 
+        }
+        unsafe {
+            emu.run();
+
+            let mut buf = [0u8].repeat(MAX_INPUT_SIZE);
+            emu.read_phys_mem(input_addr, buf.as_mut_slice());
+
+            let dir = env::var("SEED_DIR").map_or("./corpus".to_string(), |x| x);
+            let filename = if input_dump == "" {"input"} else {&input_dump};
+            println!("Dumping input to: {}/{}",&dir,filename);
+            fs::write(format!("{}/{}",&dir,filename), buf).expect("could not write input dump");
+        }
+        return
+}
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "singlecore")]
+    {
+        let monitor = SimpleMonitor::new(|s| println!("{}", s));
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "restarting"))]
+        {
+            let mgr = SimpleEventManager::new(monitor);
+            run_client(None, mgr, 0);
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "restarting")]
+        {
+            let mut shmem_provider = StdShMemProvider::new().unwrap();
+            let (state, mut mgr) = match SimpleRestartingEventManager::launch(monitor, &mut shmem_provider)
+            {
+                // The restarting state will spawn the same process again as child, then restarted it each time it crashes.
+                Ok(res) => res,
+                Err(err) => match err {
+                    Error::ShuttingDown => {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        panic!("Failed to setup the restarter: {}", err);
+                    }
+                },
+            };
+            run_client(state, mgr, 0);
+        }
+    }
+    // else -> multicore
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "singlecore"))]
+    {
+        // The shared memory allocator
+        let shmem_provider = StdShMemProvider::new().expect("Failed to init shared memory");
+
+        // The stats reporter for the broker
+        let monitor = MultiMonitor::new(|s| println!("{}", s));
+
+        // Build and run a Launcher
+        match Launcher::builder()
+            .shmem_provider(shmem_provider)
+            .broker_port(broker_port)
+            .configuration(EventConfig::from_build_id())
+            .monitor(monitor)
+            .run_client(&mut run_client)
+            .cores(&cores)
+            // .stdout_file(Some("/dev/null"))
+            .build()
+            .launch()
+        {
+            Ok(()) => (),
+            Err(Error::ShuttingDown) => println!("Fuzzing stopped by user. Good bye."),
+            Err(err) => panic!("Failed to run launcher: {:?}", err),
+        }
+    }
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#![feature(is_sorted)]
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod fuzzer;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod clock;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod qemustate;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+pub mod systemstate;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod mutational;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod worst;

fuzzers/FRET/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#![feature(is_sorted)]
+//! A libfuzzer-like fuzzer using qemu for binary-only coverage
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod fuzzer;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod clock;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod qemustate;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod systemstate;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod worst;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+mod mutational;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+pub fn main() {
+    fuzzer::fuzz();
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+pub fn main() {
+    panic!("qemu-user and libafl_qemu is only supported on linux!");
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/mutational.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+//| The [`MutationalStage`] is the default stage used during fuzzing.
+//! For the current input, it will perform a range of random mutations, and then run them in the executor.
+
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::cmp::{max, min};
+
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::rands::Rand,
+    corpus::{Corpus, self},
+    fuzzer::Evaluator,
+    mark_feature_time,
+    stages::{Stage},
+    start_timer,
+    state::{HasClientPerfMonitor, HasCorpus, HasRand, UsesState, HasMetadata},
+    Error, prelude::{HasBytesVec, UsesInput, new_hash_feedback, StdRand, RandomSeed, MutationResult, Mutator},
+};
+use crate::{systemstate::{FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata, RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState}, fuzzer::DO_NUM_INTERRUPT, clock::IcHist};
+
+pub const MINIMUM_INTER_ARRIVAL_TIME : u32 = 700 * 1000 * (1 << 4);
+
+//======================= Custom mutator
+
+/// The default mutational stage
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct MyStateStage<E, EM, Z> {
+    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+    phantom: PhantomData<(E, EM, Z)>,
+}
+
+impl<E, EM, Z> MyStateStage<E, EM, Z>
+where
+    E: UsesState<State = Z::State>,
+    EM: UsesState<State = Z::State>,
+    Z: Evaluator<E, EM>,
+    Z::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasRand,
+{
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { phantom: PhantomData }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E, EM, Z> Stage<E, EM, Z> for MyStateStage<E, EM, Z>
+where
+    E: UsesState<State = Z::State>,
+    EM: UsesState<State = Z::State>,
+    Z: Evaluator<E, EM>,
+    Z::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasRand + HasMetadata,
+    <Z::State as UsesInput>::Input: HasBytesVec
+{
+    fn perform(
+        &mut self,
+        fuzzer: &mut Z,
+        executor: &mut E,
+        state: &mut Self::State,
+        manager: &mut EM,
+        corpus_idx: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let mut _input = state
+                .corpus()
+                .get(corpus_idx)?
+                .borrow_mut().clone();
+        let mut newinput = _input.input_mut().as_mut().unwrap().clone();
+        // let mut tmpinput = _input.input_mut().as_mut().unwrap().clone();
+        let mut do_rerun = false;
+        {
+            // need our own random generator, because borrowing rules
+            let mut myrand = StdRand::new();
+            let mut target_bytes : Vec<u8> = vec![];
+            {
+                let input = _input.input_mut().as_ref().unwrap();
+                let tmp = &mut state.rand_mut();
+                myrand.set_seed(tmp.next());   
+                target_bytes = input.bytes().to_vec();
+            }
+
+            // produce a slice of absolute interrupt times
+            let mut interrupt_offsets : [u32; 32] = [0u32; 32];
+            let mut num_interrupts : usize = 0;
+            {
+                let mut start_tick : u32 = 0;
+                for i in 0..DO_NUM_INTERRUPT {
+                    let mut t : [u8; 4] = [0,0,0,0];
+                    if target_bytes.len() > (i+1)*4 {
+                        for j in 0 as usize..4 as usize {
+                            t[j]=target_bytes[i*4+j];
+                        }
+                        if i == 0 || true {
+                            start_tick = u32::from_le_bytes(t);
+                        } else {
+                            start_tick = u32::saturating_add(start_tick,max(MINIMUM_INTER_ARRIVAL_TIME,u32::from_le_bytes(t)));
+                        }
+                        interrupt_offsets[i] = start_tick;
+                        num_interrupts = i+1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            interrupt_offsets.sort();
+
+            // println!("Vor Mutator: {:?}", interrupt_offsets[0..num_interrupts].to_vec());
+            // let num_i = min(target_bytes.len() / 4, DO_NUM_INTERRUPT);
+            let mut suffix = target_bytes.split_off(4 * num_interrupts);
+            let mut prefix : Vec<[u8; 4]> = vec![];
+            // let mut suffix : Vec<u8> = vec![];
+            #[cfg(feature = "feed_systemtrace")]
+            {
+                let tmp = _input.metadata().get::<FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata>();
+                if tmp.is_some() {
+                let trace = tmp.expect("FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata not found");
+
+                // calculate hits and identify snippets
+                let mut last_m = false;
+                let mut marks : Vec<(&RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState, usize, usize)>= vec![]; // 1: got interrupted, 2: interrupt handler
+                for i in 0..trace.inner.len() {
+                    let curr = &trace.inner[i];
+                    let m = interrupt_offsets[0..num_interrupts].iter().any(|x| (curr.start_tick..curr.end_tick).contains(&(*x as u64)));
+                    if m {
+                        marks.push((curr, i, 1));
+                        // println!("1: {}",curr.current_task.task_name);
+                    } else if last_m {
+                        marks.push((curr, i, 2));
+                        // println!("2: {}",curr.current_task.task_name);
+                    } else {
+                        marks.push((curr, i, 0));
+                    }
+                    last_m = m;
+                }
+                for i in 0..num_interrupts {
+                    // bounds based on minimum inter-arrival time
+                    let mut lb = 0;
+                    let mut ub : u32 = marks[marks.len()-1].0.end_tick.try_into().expect("ticks > u32");
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        lb = u32::saturating_add(interrupt_offsets[i-1],MINIMUM_INTER_ARRIVAL_TIME);
+                    }
+                    if i < num_interrupts-1 {
+                        ub = u32::saturating_sub(interrupt_offsets[i+1],MINIMUM_INTER_ARRIVAL_TIME);
+                    }
+                    // get old hit and handler
+                    let old_hit = marks.iter().filter(
+                        |x| x.0.start_tick < (interrupt_offsets[i] as u64) && (interrupt_offsets[i] as u64) < x.0.end_tick
+                    ).next();
+                    let old_handler = match old_hit {
+                        Some(s) => if s.1 < num_interrupts-1 && s.1 < marks.len()-1 {
+                            Some(marks[s.1+1])
+                        } else {None},
+                        None => None
+                    };
+                    // find reachable alternatives
+                    let alternatives : Vec<_> = marks.iter().filter(|x|
+                        x.2 != 2 &&
+                        (
+                        x.0.start_tick < (lb as u64) && (lb as u64) < x.0.end_tick
+                        || x.0.start_tick < (ub as u64) && (ub as u64) < x.0.end_tick )
+                    ).collect();
+                    // in cases there are no alternatives
+                    if alternatives.len() == 0 {
+                        if old_hit.is_none() {
+                            // choose something random
+                            let untouched : Vec<_> = marks.iter().filter(
+                                |x| x.2 == 0
+                            ).collect();
+                            if untouched.len() > 0 {
+                                let tmp = interrupt_offsets[i];
+                                let choice = myrand.choose(untouched);
+                                interrupt_offsets[i] = myrand.between(choice.0.start_tick, choice.0.end_tick)
+                                    .try_into().expect("tick > u32");
+                                do_rerun = true;
+                            }
+                            // println!("no alternatives, choose random i: {} {} -> {}",i,tmp,interrupt_offsets[i]);
+                            continue;
+                        } else {
+                            // do nothing
+                            // println!("no alternatives, do nothing i: {} {}",i,interrupt_offsets[i]);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let replacement = myrand.choose(alternatives);
+                    if (old_hit.map_or(false, |x| x == replacement)) {
+                        // use the old value
+                        // println!("chose old value, do nothing i: {} {}",i,interrupt_offsets[i]);
+                        continue;
+                    } else {
+                        let extra = if (old_hit.map_or(false, |x| x.1 < replacement.1)) {
+                            // move futher back, respect old_handler
+                            old_handler.map_or(0, |x| x.0.end_tick - x.0.start_tick)
+                        } else { 0 };
+                        let tmp = interrupt_offsets[i];
+                        interrupt_offsets[i] = (myrand.between(replacement.0.start_tick,
+                            replacement.0.end_tick) + extra).try_into().expect("ticks > u32");
+                        // println!("chose new alternative, i: {} {} -> {}",i,tmp, interrupt_offsets[i]);
+                        do_rerun = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                let mut numbers : Vec<u32> = interrupt_offsets[0..num_interrupts].to_vec();
+                numbers.sort();
+                // println!("Mutator: {:?}", numbers);
+                let mut start : u32 = 0;
+                // for i in 0..numbers.len() {
+                //     let tmp = numbers[i];
+                //     numbers[i] = numbers[i]-start;
+                //     start = tmp;
+                // }
+                for i in 0..numbers.len() {
+                    prefix.push(u32::to_le_bytes(numbers[i]));
+                }
+                }
+            }
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "feed_systemtrace"))]
+            {
+                let metadata = state.metadata();
+                let hist = metadata.get::<IcHist>().unwrap();
+                let maxtick : u64 = hist.1.0;
+                // let maxtick : u64 = (_input.exec_time().expect("No duration found").as_nanos() >> 4).try_into().unwrap();
+                let mut numbers : Vec<u32> = vec![];
+                for i in 0..num_interrupts {
+                    prefix.push(u32::to_le_bytes(myrand.between(0, min(maxtick, u32::MAX as u64)).try_into().expect("ticks > u32")));
+                }
+            }
+
+            let mut n : Vec<u8> = vec![];
+            n = [prefix.concat(), suffix].concat();
+            newinput.bytes_mut().clear();
+            newinput.bytes_mut().append(&mut n);
+        }
+        // InterruptShifterMutator::mutate(&mut mymut, state, &mut input, 0)?;
+        if do_rerun {
+            let (_, corpus_idx) = fuzzer.evaluate_input(state, executor, manager, newinput)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E, EM, Z> UsesState for MyStateStage<E, EM, Z>
+where
+    E: UsesState<State = Z::State>,
+    EM: UsesState<State = Z::State>,
+    Z: Evaluator<E, EM>,
+    Z::State: HasClientPerfMonitor + HasCorpus + HasRand,
+{
+    type State = Z::State;
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/qemustate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+use libafl::prelude::UsesInput;
+use libafl_qemu::CPUArchState;
+use libafl_qemu::Emulator;
+use libafl_qemu::FastSnapshot;
+use libafl_qemu::QemuExecutor;
+use libafl_qemu::QemuHelper;
+use libafl_qemu::QemuHelperTuple;
+use libafl::{executors::ExitKind, inputs::Input, observers::ObserversTuple, state::HasMetadata};
+use libafl_qemu::QemuHooks;
+
+use libafl_qemu::{
+    emu,
+};
+// TODO be thread-safe maybe with https://amanieu.github.io/thread_local-rs/thread_local/index.html
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct QemuStateRestoreHelper {
+    has_snapshot: bool,
+    use_snapshot: bool,
+    saved_cpu_states: Vec<CPUArchState>,
+    fastsnap: Option<FastSnapshot>
+}
+
+impl QemuStateRestoreHelper {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            has_snapshot: false,
+            use_snapshot: true,
+            saved_cpu_states: vec![],
+            fastsnap: None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for QemuStateRestoreHelper {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> QemuHelper<S> for QemuStateRestoreHelper
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+{
+    const HOOKS_DO_SIDE_EFFECTS: bool = true;
+
+    fn init_hooks<QT>(&self, _hooks: &QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>)
+    where
+        QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+    {
+    }
+
+    fn first_exec<QT>(&self, _hooks: &QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>)
+    where
+        QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+    {
+    }
+
+    fn post_exec(&mut self, emulator: &Emulator, _input: &S::Input) {
+        // unsafe { println!("snapshot post {}",emu::icount_get_raw()) };
+    }
+
+    fn pre_exec(&mut self, emulator: &Emulator, _input: &S::Input) {
+        // only restore in pre-exec, to preserve the post-execution state for inspection
+        #[cfg(feature = "snapshot_restore")]
+        {
+            #[cfg(feature = "snapshot_fast")]
+            match self.fastsnap {
+                Some(s) => emulator.restore_fast_snapshot(s),
+                None => {self.fastsnap = Some(emulator.create_fast_snapshot(true));},
+            }
+            #[cfg(not(feature = "snapshot_fast"))]
+            if !self.has_snapshot {
+                emulator.save_snapshot("Start", true);
+                self.has_snapshot = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                emulator.load_snapshot("Start", true);
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "snapshot_restore"))]
+        if !self.has_snapshot {
+            self.saved_cpu_states = (0..emulator.num_cpus())
+                .map(|i| emulator.cpu_from_index(i).save_state())
+                .collect();
+            self.has_snapshot = true;
+        } else {
+            for (i, s) in self.saved_cpu_states.iter().enumerate() {
+                emulator.cpu_from_index(i).restore_state(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unsafe { println!("snapshot pre {}",emu::icount_get_raw()) };
+    }
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/feedbacks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+use libafl::SerdeAny;
+use libafl::bolts::ownedref::OwnedSlice;
+use libafl::inputs::BytesInput;
+use libafl::prelude::UsesInput;
+use libafl::state::HasNamedMetadata;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use crate::clock::QemuClockObserver;
+use libafl::corpus::Testcase;
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::MatchName;
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+use std::hash::Hasher;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use libafl::events::EventFirer;
+use libafl::state::HasClientPerfMonitor;
+use libafl::feedbacks::Feedback;
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::Named;
+use libafl::Error;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use libafl::{executors::ExitKind, inputs::Input, observers::ObserversTuple, state::HasMetadata};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState;
+use super::FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata;
+use super::observers::QemuSystemStateObserver;
+use petgraph::prelude::DiGraph;
+use petgraph::graph::NodeIndex;
+use petgraph::Direction;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+//============================= Feedback
+
+/// Shared Metadata for a systemstateFeedback
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, SerdeAny, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct SystemStateFeedbackState
+{
+    known_traces: HashMap<u64,(u64,u64,usize)>, // encounters,ticks,length
+    longest: Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>,
+}
+impl Named for SystemStateFeedbackState
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "systemstate"
+    }
+}
+// impl FeedbackState for systemstateFeedbackState
+// {
+//     fn reset(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+//         self.longest.clear();
+//         self.known_traces.clear();
+//         Ok(())
+//     }
+// }
+
+/// A Feedback reporting novel System-State Transitions. Depends on [`QemuSystemStateObserver`]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct NovelSystemStateFeedback
+{
+    last_trace: Option<Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>>,
+    // known_traces: HashMap<u64,(u64,usize)>,
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for NovelSystemStateFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor + HasNamedMetadata,
+{
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut S,
+        manager: &mut EM,
+        input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuSystemStateObserver>("systemstate")
+            .expect("QemuSystemStateObserver not found");
+        let clock_observer = observers.match_name::<QemuClockObserver>("clocktime")  //TODO not fixed
+            .expect("QemuClockObserver not found");
+        let feedbackstate = match state
+            .named_metadata_mut()
+            .get_mut::<SystemStateFeedbackState>("systemstate") {
+                Some(s) => s,
+                None => {
+                    let n=SystemStateFeedbackState::default();
+                    state.named_metadata_mut().insert(n, "systemstate");
+                    state.named_metadata_mut().get_mut::<SystemStateFeedbackState>("systemstate").unwrap()
+                }
+            };
+        // let feedbackstate = state
+        //     .feedback_states_mut()
+        //     .match_name_mut::<systemstateFeedbackState>("systemstate")
+        //     .unwrap();
+        // Do Stuff
+        let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+        observer.last_run.hash(&mut hasher);
+        let somehash = hasher.finish();
+        let mut is_novel = false;
+        let mut takes_longer = false;
+        match feedbackstate.known_traces.get_mut(&somehash) {
+            None => {
+                is_novel = true;
+                feedbackstate.known_traces.insert(somehash,(1,clock_observer.last_runtime(),observer.last_run.len()));
+            }
+            Some(s) => {
+                s.0+=1;
+                if s.1 < clock_observer.last_runtime() {
+                    s.1 = clock_observer.last_runtime();
+                    takes_longer = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if observer.last_run.len() > feedbackstate.longest.len() {
+            feedbackstate.longest=observer.last_run.clone();
+        }
+        self.last_trace = Some(observer.last_run.clone());
+        // if (!is_novel) { println!("not novel") };
+        Ok(is_novel | takes_longer)
+    }
+
+    /// Append to the testcase the generated metadata in case of a new corpus item
+    #[inline]
+    fn append_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, testcase: &mut Testcase<S::Input>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let a = self.last_trace.take();
+        match a {
+            Some(s) => testcase.metadata_mut().insert(FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata::new(s)),
+            None => (),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Discard the stored metadata in case that the testcase is not added to the corpus
+    #[inline]
+    fn discard_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.last_trace = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for NovelSystemStateFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "systemstate"
+    }
+}
+
+//=============================
+
+pub fn match_traces(target: &Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>, last: &Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>) -> bool {
+    let mut ret = true;
+    if target.len() > last.len() {return false;}
+    for i in 0..target.len() {
+        ret &= target[i].current_task.task_name==last[i].current_task.task_name;
+    }
+    ret
+}
+pub fn match_traces_name(target: &Vec<String>, last: &Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>) -> bool {
+    let mut ret = true;
+    if target.len() > last.len() {return false;}
+    for i in 0..target.len() {
+        ret &= target[i]==last[i].current_task.task_name;
+    }
+    ret
+}
+
+/// A Feedback reporting novel System-State Transitions. Depends on [`QemuSystemStateObserver`]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct HitSystemStateFeedback
+{
+    target: Option<Vec<String>>,
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for HitSystemStateFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+{
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut S,
+        manager: &mut EM,
+        input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuSystemStateObserver>("systemstate")
+            .expect("QemuSystemStateObserver not found");
+        // Do Stuff
+        match &self.target {
+            Some(s) => {
+                // #[cfg(debug_assertions)] eprintln!("Hit systemstate Feedback trigger");
+                Ok(match_traces_name(s, &observer.last_run))
+            },
+            None => Ok(false),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for HitSystemStateFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "hit_systemstate"
+    }
+}
+
+impl HitSystemStateFeedback {
+    pub fn new(target: Option<Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>>) -> Self {
+        Self {target: target.map(|x| x.into_iter().map(|y| y.current_task.task_name).collect())}
+    }
+}
+//=========================== Debugging Feedback
+/// A [`Feedback`] meant to dump the system-traces for debugging. Depends on [`QemuSystemStateObserver`]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DumpSystraceFeedback
+{
+    dumpfile: Option<PathBuf>,
+    dump_metadata: bool,
+    last_trace: Option<Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>>,
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for DumpSystraceFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+{
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut S,
+        manager: &mut EM,
+        input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuSystemStateObserver>("systemstate")
+            .expect("QemuSystemStateObserver not found");
+        let names : Vec<String> = observer.last_run.iter().map(|x| x.current_task.task_name.clone()).collect();
+        match &self.dumpfile {
+            Some(s) => {
+                    std::fs::write(s,ron::to_string(&observer.last_run).expect("Error serializing hashmap")).expect("Can not dump to file");
+                    self.dumpfile = None
+                },
+            None => if !self.dump_metadata {println!("{:?}\n{:?}",observer.last_run,names);}
+        };
+        if self.dump_metadata {self.last_trace=Some(observer.last_run.clone());}
+        Ok(!self.dump_metadata)
+    }
+    /// Append to the testcase the generated metadata in case of a new corpus item
+    #[inline]
+    fn append_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, testcase: &mut Testcase<S::Input>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        if !self.dump_metadata {return Ok(());}
+        let a = self.last_trace.take();
+        match a {
+            Some(s) => testcase.metadata_mut().insert(FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata::new(s)),
+            None => (),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Discard the stored metadata in case that the testcase is not added to the corpus
+    #[inline]
+    fn discard_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.last_trace = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for DumpSystraceFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "Dumpsystemstate"
+    }
+}
+
+impl DumpSystraceFeedback
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`DumpSystraceFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {dumpfile: None, dump_metadata: false, last_trace: None}
+    }
+    pub fn with_dump(dumpfile: Option<PathBuf>) -> Self {
+        Self {dumpfile: dumpfile, dump_metadata: false, last_trace: None}
+    }
+    pub fn metadata_only() -> Self {
+        Self {dumpfile: None, dump_metadata: true, last_trace: None}
+    }
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/freertos.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#![allow(non_camel_case_types,non_snake_case,non_upper_case_globals,deref_nullptr)]
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+// Manual Types
+use libafl_qemu::Emulator;
+
+/*========== Start of generated Code =============*/
+pub type char_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type ListItem_t_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type StackType_t_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type void_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type tskTaskControlBlock_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type xLIST_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type xLIST_ITEM_ptr = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+/* automatically generated by rust-bindgen 0.59.2 */
+
+pub type __uint8_t = ::std::os::raw::c_uchar;
+pub type __uint16_t = ::std::os::raw::c_ushort;
+pub type __uint32_t = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type StackType_t = u32;
+pub type UBaseType_t = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+pub type TickType_t = u32;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct xLIST_ITEM {
+    pub xItemValue: TickType_t,
+    pub pxNext: xLIST_ITEM_ptr,
+    pub pxPrevious: xLIST_ITEM_ptr,
+    pub pvOwner: void_ptr,
+    pub pvContainer: xLIST_ptr,
+}
+pub type ListItem_t = xLIST_ITEM;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct xMINI_LIST_ITEM {
+    pub xItemValue: TickType_t,
+    pub pxNext: xLIST_ITEM_ptr,
+    pub pxPrevious: xLIST_ITEM_ptr,
+}
+pub type MiniListItem_t = xMINI_LIST_ITEM;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct xLIST {
+    pub uxNumberOfItems: UBaseType_t,
+    pub pxIndex: ListItem_t_ptr,
+    pub xListEnd: MiniListItem_t,
+}
+pub type List_t = xLIST;
+pub type TaskHandle_t = tskTaskControlBlock_ptr;
+pub const eTaskState_eRunning: eTaskState = 0;
+pub const eTaskState_eReady: eTaskState = 1;
+pub const eTaskState_eBlocked: eTaskState = 2;
+pub const eTaskState_eSuspended: eTaskState = 3;
+pub const eTaskState_eDeleted: eTaskState = 4;
+pub const eTaskState_eInvalid: eTaskState = 5;
+pub type eTaskState = ::std::os::raw::c_uint;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct xTASK_STATUS {
+    pub xHandle: TaskHandle_t,
+    pub pcTaskName: char_ptr,
+    pub xTaskNumber: UBaseType_t,
+    pub eCurrentState: eTaskState,
+    pub uxCurrentPriority: UBaseType_t,
+    pub uxBasePriority: UBaseType_t,
+    pub ulRunTimeCounter: u32,
+    pub pxStackBase: StackType_t_ptr,
+    pub usStackHighWaterMark: u16,
+}
+pub type TaskStatus_t = xTASK_STATUS;
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct tskTaskControlBlock {
+    pub pxTopOfStack: StackType_t_ptr,
+    pub xStateListItem: ListItem_t,
+    pub xEventListItem: ListItem_t,
+    pub uxPriority: UBaseType_t,
+    pub pxStack: StackType_t_ptr,
+    pub pcTaskName: [::std::os::raw::c_char; 10usize],
+    pub uxBasePriority: UBaseType_t,
+    pub uxMutexesHeld: UBaseType_t,
+    pub ulNotifiedValue: [u32; 1usize],
+    pub ucNotifyState: [u8; 1usize],
+    pub ucStaticallyAllocated: u8,
+    pub ucDelayAborted: u8,
+}
+pub type tskTCB = tskTaskControlBlock;
+pub type TCB_t = tskTCB;
+/*========== End of generated Code =============*/
+
+pub trait emu_lookup {
+    fn lookup(emu: &Emulator, addr: ::std::os::raw::c_uint) -> Self;
+}
+
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum rtos_struct {
+    TCB_struct(TCB_t),
+    List_struct(List_t),
+    List_Item_struct(ListItem_t),
+    List_MiniItem_struct(MiniListItem_t),
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! impl_emu_lookup {
+    ($struct_name:ident) => {
+        impl $crate::systemstate::freertos::emu_lookup for $struct_name {
+            fn lookup(emu: &Emulator, addr: ::std::os::raw::c_uint) -> $struct_name {
+                let mut tmp : [u8; std::mem::size_of::<$struct_name>()] = [0u8; std::mem::size_of::<$struct_name>()];
+                unsafe {
+                    emu.read_mem(addr.into(), &mut tmp);
+                    std::mem::transmute::<[u8; std::mem::size_of::<$struct_name>()], $struct_name>(tmp)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+impl_emu_lookup!(TCB_t);
+impl_emu_lookup!(List_t);
+impl_emu_lookup!(ListItem_t);
+impl_emu_lookup!(MiniListItem_t);
+impl_emu_lookup!(void_ptr);
+impl_emu_lookup!(TaskStatus_t);

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/graph.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+
+use libafl::SerdeAny;
+/// Feedbacks organizing SystemStates as a graph
+use libafl::inputs::HasBytesVec;
+use libafl::bolts::rands::RandomSeed;
+use libafl::bolts::rands::StdRand;
+use libafl::mutators::Mutator;
+use libafl::mutators::MutationResult;
+use libafl::prelude::HasTargetBytes;
+use libafl::prelude::UsesInput;
+use libafl::state::HasNamedMetadata;
+use libafl::state::UsesState;
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use libafl::state::HasCorpus;
+use libafl::state::HasSolutions;
+use libafl::state::HasRand;
+use crate::worst::MaxExecsLenFavFactor;
+use libafl::schedulers::MinimizerScheduler;
+use libafl::bolts::HasRefCnt;
+use libafl::bolts::AsSlice;
+use libafl::bolts::ownedref::OwnedSlice;
+use libafl::inputs::BytesInput;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use crate::clock::QemuClockObserver;
+use libafl::corpus::Testcase;
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::MatchName;
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+use std::hash::Hasher;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use libafl::events::EventFirer;
+use libafl::state::HasClientPerfMonitor;
+use libafl::feedbacks::Feedback;
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::Named;
+use libafl::Error;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use libafl::{executors::ExitKind, inputs::Input, observers::ObserversTuple, state::HasMetadata};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState;
+use super::FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata;
+use super::observers::QemuSystemStateObserver;
+use petgraph::prelude::DiGraph;
+use petgraph::graph::NodeIndex;
+use petgraph::Direction;
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+use libafl::bolts::rands::Rand;
+
+//============================= Data Structures
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub struct VariantTuple
+{
+    pub start_tick: u64,
+    pub end_tick: u64,
+    input_counter: u32,
+    pub input: Vec<u8>, // in the end any kind of input are bytes, regardless of type and lifetime
+}
+impl VariantTuple {
+    fn from(other: &RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState,input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        VariantTuple{
+            start_tick: other.start_tick,
+            end_tick: other.end_tick,
+            input_counter: other.input_counter,
+            input: input,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct SysGraphNode
+{
+    base: RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState,
+    pub variants: Vec<VariantTuple>,
+}
+impl SysGraphNode {
+    fn from(base: RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState, input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        SysGraphNode{variants: vec![VariantTuple::from(&base, input)], base:base }
+    }
+    /// unites the variants of this value with another, draining the other if the bases are equal
+    fn unite(&mut self, other: &mut SysGraphNode) -> bool {
+        if self!=other {return false;}
+        self.variants.append(&mut other.variants);
+        self.variants.dedup();
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// add a Varint from a [`RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState`]
+    fn unite_raw(&mut self, other: &RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState, input: &Vec<u8>) -> bool {
+        if &self.base!=other {return false;}
+        self.variants.push(VariantTuple::from(other, input.clone()));
+        self.variants.dedup();
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// add a Varint from a [`RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState`], if it's interesting
+    fn unite_interesting(&mut self, other: &RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState, input: &Vec<u8>) -> bool {
+        if &self.base!=other {return false;}
+        let interesting =
+            self.variants.iter().all(|x| x.end_tick-x.start_tick<other.end_tick-other.start_tick) ||    // longest variant
+            self.variants.iter().all(|x| x.end_tick-x.start_tick>other.end_tick-other.start_tick) ||    // shortest variant
+            self.variants.iter().all(|x| x.input_counter>other.input_counter) ||                      // longest input
+            self.variants.iter().all(|x| x.input_counter<other.input_counter);                        // shortest input
+        if interesting {
+            let var = VariantTuple::from(other, input.clone());
+            self.variants.push(var);
+        }
+        return interesting;
+    }
+    pub fn get_taskname(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.base.current_task.task_name
+    }
+    pub fn get_input_counts(&self) -> Vec<u32> {
+        self.variants.iter().map(|x| x.input_counter).collect()
+    }
+}
+impl PartialEq for SysGraphNode {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &SysGraphNode) -> bool {
+        self.base==other.base
+    }
+}
+
+// Wrapper around Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState> to attach as Metadata
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct SysGraphMetadata {
+    pub inner: Vec<NodeIndex>,
+    indices: Vec<usize>,
+    tcref: isize,
+}
+impl SysGraphMetadata {
+    pub fn new(inner: Vec<NodeIndex>) -> Self{
+        Self {indices: inner.iter().map(|x| x.index()).collect(), inner: inner, tcref: 0}
+    }
+}
+impl AsSlice for SysGraphMetadata {
+    /// Convert the slice of system-states to a slice of hashes over enumerated states
+    fn as_slice(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        self.indices.as_slice()
+    }
+
+    type Entry = usize;
+}
+
+impl HasRefCnt for SysGraphMetadata {
+    fn refcnt(&self) -> isize {
+        self.tcref
+    }
+
+    fn refcnt_mut(&mut self) -> &mut isize {
+        &mut self.tcref
+    }
+}
+
+libafl::impl_serdeany!(SysGraphMetadata);
+
+pub type GraphMaximizerCorpusScheduler<CS> =
+    MinimizerScheduler<CS, MaxExecsLenFavFactor<<CS as UsesState>::State>,SysGraphMetadata>;
+
+//============================= Graph Feedback
+
+/// Improved System State Graph
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, Default, SerdeAny)]
+pub struct SysGraphFeedbackState
+{
+    pub graph: DiGraph<SysGraphNode, ()>,
+    entrypoint: NodeIndex,
+    exit: NodeIndex,
+    name: String,
+}
+impl SysGraphFeedbackState
+{
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut graph = DiGraph::<SysGraphNode, ()>::new();
+        let mut entry = SysGraphNode::default();
+        entry.base.current_task.task_name="Start".to_string();
+        let mut exit = SysGraphNode::default();
+        exit.base.current_task.task_name="End".to_string();
+        let entry = graph.add_node(entry);
+        let exit = graph.add_node(exit);
+        Self {graph: graph, entrypoint: entry, exit: exit, name: String::from("SysMap")}
+    }
+    fn insert(&mut self, list: Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>, input: &Vec<u8>) {
+        let mut current_index = self.entrypoint;
+        for n in list {
+            let mut done = false;
+            for i in self.graph.neighbors_directed(current_index, Direction::Outgoing) {
+                if n == self.graph[i].base {
+                    done = true;
+                    current_index = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if !done {
+                let j = self.graph.add_node(SysGraphNode::from(n,input.clone()));
+                self.graph.add_edge(current_index, j, ());
+                current_index = j;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// Try adding a system state path from a [Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>], return true if the path was interesting
+    fn update(&mut self, list: &Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>, input: &Vec<u8>) -> (bool, Vec<NodeIndex>) {
+        let mut current_index = self.entrypoint;
+        let mut novel = false;
+        let mut trace : Vec<NodeIndex> = vec![current_index];
+        for n in list {
+            let mut matching : Option<NodeIndex> = None;
+            for i in self.graph.neighbors_directed(current_index, Direction::Outgoing) {
+                let tmp = &self.graph[i];
+                if n == &tmp.base {
+                    matching = Some(i);
+                    current_index = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            match matching {
+                None => {
+                    novel = true;
+                    let j = self.graph.add_node(SysGraphNode::from(n.clone(),input.clone()));
+                    self.graph.add_edge(current_index, j, ());
+                    current_index = j;
+                },
+                Some(i) => {
+                    novel |= self.graph[i].unite_interesting(&n, input);
+                }
+            }
+            trace.push(current_index);
+        }
+        self.graph.update_edge(current_index, self.exit, ());  // every path ends in the exit noded
+        return (novel, trace);
+    }
+}
+impl Named for SysGraphFeedbackState
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+impl SysGraphFeedbackState
+{
+    fn reset(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.graph.clear();
+        let mut entry = SysGraphNode::default();
+        entry.base.current_task.task_name="Start".to_string();
+        let mut exit = SysGraphNode::default();
+        exit.base.current_task.task_name="End".to_string();
+        self.entrypoint = self.graph.add_node(entry);
+        self.exit = self.graph.add_node(exit);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Feedback reporting novel System-State Transitions. Depends on [`QemuSystemStateObserver`]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct SysMapFeedback
+{
+    name: String,
+    last_trace: Option<Vec<NodeIndex>>,
+}
+impl SysMapFeedback {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {name: String::from("SysMapFeedback"), last_trace: None }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for SysMapFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor + HasNamedMetadata,
+    S::Input: HasTargetBytes,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuSystemStateObserver>("systemstate")
+            .expect("QemuSystemStateObserver not found");
+        let feedbackstate = match state
+            .named_metadata_mut()
+            .get_mut::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap") {
+                Some(s) => s,
+                None => {
+                    let n=SysGraphFeedbackState::default();
+                    state.named_metadata_mut().insert(n, "SysMap");
+                    state.named_metadata_mut().get_mut::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap").unwrap()
+                }
+            };
+        let ret = feedbackstate.update(&observer.last_run, &observer.last_input);
+        self.last_trace = Some(ret.1);
+        Ok(ret.0)
+    }
+
+    /// Append to the testcase the generated metadata in case of a new corpus item
+    #[inline]
+    fn append_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, testcase: &mut Testcase<S::Input>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let a = self.last_trace.take();
+        match a {
+            Some(s) => testcase.metadata_mut().insert(SysGraphMetadata::new(s)),
+            None => (),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Discard the stored metadata in case that the testcase is not added to the corpus
+    #[inline]
+    fn discard_metadata(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.last_trace = None;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+impl Named for SysMapFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}
+
+//============================= Mutators
+//=============================== Snippets
+// pub struct RandGraphSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     phantom: PhantomData<(I, S)>,
+// }
+// impl<I, S> RandGraphSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     pub fn new() -> Self {
+//         RandGraphSnippetMutator{phantom: PhantomData}
+//     }
+// }
+// impl<I, S> Mutator<I, S> for RandGraphSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     fn mutate(
+//         &mut self, 
+//         state: &mut S, 
+//         input: &mut I, 
+//         _stage_idx: i32
+//     ) -> Result<MutationResult, Error>
+//     {
+//         // need our own random generator, because borrowing rules
+//         let mut myrand = StdRand::new();
+//         let tmp = &mut state.rand_mut();
+//         myrand.set_seed(tmp.next());   
+//         drop(tmp);
+
+//         let feedbackstate = state
+//             .feedback_states()
+//             .match_name::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap")
+//             .unwrap();
+//         let g = &feedbackstate.graph;
+//         let tmp = state.metadata().get::<SysGraphMetadata>();
+//         if tmp.is_none() {  // if there are no metadata it was probably not interesting anyways
+//             return Ok(MutationResult::Skipped);
+//         }
+//         let trace =tmp.expect("SysGraphMetadata not found");
+//         // follow the path, extract snippets from last reads, find common snippets.
+//         // those are likley keys parts. choose random parts from other sibling traces
+//         let sibling_inputs : Vec<&Vec<u8>>= g[*trace.inner.last().unwrap()].variants.iter().map(|x| &x.input).collect();
+//         let mut snippet_collector = vec![];
+//         let mut per_input_counters = HashMap::<&Vec<u8>,usize>::new(); // ugly workaround to track multiple inputs
+//         for t in &trace.inner {
+//             let node = &g[*t];
+//             let mut per_node_snippets = HashMap::<&Vec<u8>,&[u8]>::new();
+//             for v in &node.variants {
+//                 match per_input_counters.get_mut(&v.input) {
+//                     None => {
+//                         if sibling_inputs.iter().any(|x| *x==&v.input) {    // only collect info about siblin inputs from target
+//                             per_input_counters.insert(&v.input, v.input_counter.try_into().unwrap());
+//                         }
+//                     },
+//                     Some(x) => {
+//                         let x_u = *x;
+//                         if x_u<v.input_counter as usize {
+//                             *x=v.input_counter as usize;
+//                             per_node_snippets.insert(&v.input,&v.input[x_u..v.input_counter as usize]);
+//                         }
+//                     }
+//                 }
+//             }
+//             snippet_collector.push(per_node_snippets);
+//         }
+//         let mut new_input : Vec<u8> = vec![];
+//         for c in snippet_collector {
+//             new_input.extend_from_slice(myrand.choose(c).1);
+//         }
+//         for i in new_input.iter().enumerate() {
+//             input.bytes_mut()[i.0]=*i.1;
+//         }
+
+//         Ok(MutationResult::Mutated)
+//     }
+
+//     fn post_exec(
+//         &mut self, 
+//         _state: &mut S, 
+//         _stage_idx: i32, 
+//         _corpus_idx: Option<usize>
+//     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+//         Ok(())
+//     }
+// }
+
+// impl<I, S> Named for RandGraphSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     fn name(&self) -> &str {
+//         "RandGraphSnippetMutator"
+//     }
+// }
+// //=============================== Snippets
+// pub struct RandInputSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     phantom: PhantomData<(I, S)>,
+// }
+// impl<I, S> RandInputSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     pub fn new() -> Self {
+//         RandInputSnippetMutator{phantom: PhantomData}
+//     }
+// }
+// impl<I, S> Mutator<I, S> for RandInputSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     fn mutate(
+//         &mut self, 
+//         state: &mut S, 
+//         input: &mut I, 
+//         _stage_idx: i32
+//     ) -> Result<MutationResult, Error>
+//     {
+//         // need our own random generator, because borrowing rules
+//         let mut myrand = StdRand::new();
+//         let tmp = &mut state.rand_mut();
+//         myrand.set_seed(tmp.next());   
+//         drop(tmp);
+
+//         let feedbackstate = state
+//             .feedback_states()
+//             .match_name::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap")
+//             .unwrap();
+//         let g = &feedbackstate.graph;
+//         let tmp = state.metadata().get::<SysGraphMetadata>();
+//         if tmp.is_none() {  // if there are no metadata it was probably not interesting anyways
+//             return Ok(MutationResult::Skipped);
+//         }
+//         let trace = tmp.expect("SysGraphMetadata not found");
+
+//         let mut collection : Vec<Vec<u8>> = Vec::new();
+//         let mut current_pointer : usize = 0;
+//         for t in &trace.inner {
+//             let node = &g[*t];
+//             for v in &node.variants {
+//                 if v.input == input.bytes() {
+//                     if v.input_counter > current_pointer.try_into().unwrap() {
+//                         collection.push(v.input[current_pointer..v.input_counter as usize].to_owned());
+//                         current_pointer = v.input_counter as usize;
+//                     }
+//                     break;
+//                 }
+//             }
+//         }
+//         let index_to_mutate = myrand.below(collection.len() as u64) as usize;
+//         for i in 0..collection[index_to_mutate].len() {
+//             collection[index_to_mutate][i] = myrand.below(0xFF) as u8;
+//         }
+//         for i in collection.concat().iter().enumerate() {
+//             input.bytes_mut()[i.0]=*i.1;
+//         }
+
+//         Ok(MutationResult::Mutated)
+//     }
+
+//     fn post_exec(
+//         &mut self, 
+//         _state: &mut S, 
+//         _stage_idx: i32, 
+//         _corpus_idx: Option<usize>
+//     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+//         Ok(())
+//     }
+// }
+
+// impl<I, S> Named for RandInputSnippetMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     fn name(&self) -> &str {
+//         "RandInputSnippetMutator"
+//     }
+// }
+// //=============================== Suffix
+// pub struct RandGraphSuffixMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     phantom: PhantomData<(I, S)>,
+// }
+// impl<I, S> RandGraphSuffixMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     pub fn new() -> Self {
+//         RandGraphSuffixMutator{phantom: PhantomData}
+//     }
+// }
+// impl<I, S> Mutator<I, S> for RandGraphSuffixMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     fn mutate(
+//         &mut self, 
+//         state: &mut S, 
+//         input: &mut I, 
+//         _stage_idx: i32
+//     ) -> Result<MutationResult, Error>
+//     {
+//         // need our own random generator, because borrowing rules
+//         let mut myrand = StdRand::new();
+//         let tmp = &mut state.rand_mut();
+//         myrand.set_seed(tmp.next());   
+//         drop(tmp);
+
+//         let feedbackstate = state
+//             .feedback_states()
+//             .match_name::<SysGraphFeedbackState>("SysMap")
+//             .unwrap();
+//         let g = &feedbackstate.graph;
+//         let tmp = state.metadata().get::<SysGraphMetadata>();
+//         if tmp.is_none() {  // if there are no metadata it was probably not interesting anyways
+//             return Ok(MutationResult::Skipped);
+//         }
+//         let trace =tmp.expect("SysGraphMetadata not found");
+//         // follow the path, extract snippets from last reads, find common snippets.
+//         // those are likley keys parts. choose random parts from other sibling traces
+//         let inp_c_end = g[*trace.inner.last().unwrap()].base.input_counter;
+//         let mut num_to_reverse = myrand.below(trace.inner.len().try_into().unwrap());
+//         for t in trace.inner.iter().rev() {
+//             let int_c_prefix = g[*t].base.input_counter;
+//             if int_c_prefix < inp_c_end {
+//                 num_to_reverse-=1;
+//                 if num_to_reverse<=0 {
+//                     let mut new_input=input.bytes()[..(int_c_prefix as usize)].to_vec();
+//                     let mut ext : Vec<u8> = (int_c_prefix..inp_c_end).map(|_| myrand.next().to_le_bytes()).flatten().collect();
+//                     new_input.append(&mut ext);
+//                     for i in new_input.iter().enumerate() {
+//                         if input.bytes_mut().len()>i.0 {
+//                             input.bytes_mut()[i.0]=*i.1;
+//                         }
+//                         else { break };
+//                     }
+//                     break;
+//                 }
+//             }
+//         }
+//         Ok(MutationResult::Mutated)
+//     }
+
+//     fn post_exec(
+//         &mut self, 
+//         _state: &mut S, 
+//         _stage_idx: i32, 
+//         _corpus_idx: Option<usize>
+//     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+//         Ok(())
+//     }
+// }
+
+// impl<I, S> Named for RandGraphSuffixMutator<I, S>
+// where
+//     I: Input + HasBytesVec,
+//     S: HasRand + HasMetadata + HasCorpus<I> + HasSolutions<I>,
+// {
+//     fn name(&self) -> &str {
+//         "RandGraphSuffixMutator"
+//     }
+// }

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/helpers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::ops::Range;
+use libafl::prelude::UsesInput;
+use libafl_qemu::Emulator;
+use libafl_qemu::GuestAddr;
+use libafl_qemu::QemuHooks;
+use libafl_qemu::edges::QemuEdgesMapMetadata;
+use libafl_qemu::emu;
+use libafl_qemu::hooks;
+use crate::systemstate::RawFreeRTOSSystemState;
+use crate::systemstate::CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC;
+use crate::systemstate::NUM_PRIOS;
+use super::freertos::TCB_t;
+use super::freertos::rtos_struct::List_Item_struct;
+use super::freertos::rtos_struct::*;
+use super::freertos;
+
+use libafl_qemu::{
+    helper::{QemuHelper, QemuHelperTuple},
+    // edges::SAVED_JUMP,
+};
+
+//============================= Struct definitions
+
+pub static mut INTR_OFFSET : Option<u64> = None;
+pub static mut INTR_DONE : bool = true;
+
+// only used when inputs are injected
+pub static mut NEXT_INPUT : Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+
+//============================= Qemu Helper
+
+/// A Qemu Helper with reads FreeRTOS specific structs from Qemu whenever certain syscalls occur, also inject inputs
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct QemuSystemStateHelper {
+    kerneladdr: u32,
+    tcb_addr: u32,
+    ready_queues: u32,
+    input_counter: Option<u64>,
+    app_range: Range<u32>,
+}
+
+impl QemuSystemStateHelper {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        kerneladdr: u32,
+        tcb_addr: u32,
+        ready_queues: u32,
+        input_counter: Option<u64>,
+        app_range: Range<u32>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        QemuSystemStateHelper {
+            kerneladdr,
+            tcb_addr: tcb_addr,
+            ready_queues: ready_queues,
+            input_counter: input_counter,
+            app_range,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> QemuHelper<S> for QemuSystemStateHelper
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+{
+    fn first_exec<QT>(&self, _hooks: &QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>)
+    where
+        QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+    {
+        _hooks.instruction(self.kerneladdr, exec_syscall_hook::<QT, S>, false);
+        #[cfg(feature = "trace_abbs")]
+        _hooks.jmps(Some(gen_jmp_is_syscall::<QT, S>), Some(trace_api_call::<QT, S>));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: refactor duplicate code
+    fn pre_exec(&mut self, _emulator: &Emulator, _input: &S::Input) {
+        unsafe {
+            CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC.clear();
+            let p = LAST_API_CALL.with(|x| x.get());
+            *p = None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn post_exec(&mut self, emulator: &Emulator, _input: &S::Input) {
+        trigger_collection(emulator, self)
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn trigger_collection(emulator: &Emulator, h: &QemuSystemStateHelper) {
+    let listbytes : u32 = u32::try_from(std::mem::size_of::<freertos::List_t>()).unwrap();
+    let mut systemstate = RawFreeRTOSSystemState::default();
+    unsafe {
+        // TODO: investigate why can_do_io is not set sometimes, as this is just a workaround
+        let c = emulator.cpu_from_index(0);
+        let can_do_io = (*c.raw_ptr()).can_do_io;
+        (*c.raw_ptr()).can_do_io = 1;
+        systemstate.qemu_tick = emu::icount_get_raw();
+        (*c.raw_ptr()).can_do_io = can_do_io;
+    }
+    let mut buf : [u8; 4] = [0,0,0,0];
+    match h.input_counter {
+        Some(s) => unsafe { emulator.read_phys_mem(s, &mut buf); },
+        None => (),
+    };
+    systemstate.input_counter = u32::from_le_bytes(buf);
+
+    let curr_tcb_addr : freertos::void_ptr = freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator, h.tcb_addr);
+    if curr_tcb_addr == 0 {
+        return;
+    };
+    systemstate.current_tcb = freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator,curr_tcb_addr);
+
+    unsafe {
+        LAST_API_CALL.with(|x|
+            match *x.get() {
+                Some(s) => {
+                    systemstate.last_pc = Some(s.0 as u64);
+                },
+                None => (),
+            }
+        );
+    }
+    // println!("{:?}",std::str::from_utf8(&current_tcb.pcTaskName));
+
+    for i in 0..NUM_PRIOS {
+        let target : u32 = listbytes*u32::try_from(i).unwrap()+h.ready_queues;
+        systemstate.prio_ready_lists[i] = freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator, target);
+        // println!("List at {}: {:?}",target, systemstate.prio_ready_lists[i]);
+        let mut next_index = systemstate.prio_ready_lists[i].pxIndex;
+        for _j in 0..systemstate.prio_ready_lists[i].uxNumberOfItems {
+            // always jump over the xListEnd marker
+            if (target..target+listbytes).contains(&next_index) {
+                let next_item : freertos::MiniListItem_t = freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator, next_index);
+                let new_next_index=next_item.pxNext;
+                systemstate.dumping_ground.insert(next_index,List_MiniItem_struct(next_item));
+                next_index = new_next_index;
+            }
+            let next_item : freertos::ListItem_t = freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator, next_index);
+            // println!("Item at {}: {:?}",next_index,next_item);
+            assert_eq!(next_item.pvContainer,target);
+            let new_next_index=next_item.pxNext;
+            let next_tcb : TCB_t= freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator,next_item.pvOwner);
+            // println!("TCB at {}: {:?}",next_item.pvOwner,next_tcb);
+            systemstate.dumping_ground.insert(next_item.pvOwner,TCB_struct(next_tcb.clone()));
+            systemstate.dumping_ground.insert(next_index,List_Item_struct(next_item));
+            next_index=new_next_index;
+        }
+        // Handle edge case where the end marker was not included yet
+        if (target..target+listbytes).contains(&next_index) {
+            let next_item : freertos::MiniListItem_t = freertos::emu_lookup::lookup(emulator, next_index);
+            systemstate.dumping_ground.insert(next_index,List_MiniItem_struct(next_item));
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe { CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC.push(systemstate); }
+}
+
+pub fn exec_syscall_hook<QT, S>(
+    hooks: &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+    _state: Option<&mut S>,
+    _pc: u32,
+)
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+{
+    let emulator = hooks.emulator();
+    let h = hooks.helpers().match_first_type::<QemuSystemStateHelper>().expect("QemuSystemHelper not found in helper tupel");
+    trigger_collection(emulator, h);
+}
+
+thread_local!(static LAST_API_CALL : UnsafeCell<Option<(GuestAddr,GuestAddr)>> = UnsafeCell::new(None));
+
+pub fn gen_jmp_is_syscall<QT, S>(
+    hooks: &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+    _state: Option<&mut S>,
+    src: GuestAddr,
+    dest: GuestAddr,
+) -> Option<u64>
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+{
+    if let Some(h) = hooks.helpers().match_first_type::<QemuSystemStateHelper>() {
+        if h.app_range.contains(&src) && !h.app_range.contains(&dest) {
+            // println!("New jmp {:x} {:x}", src, dest);
+            return Some(1);
+        }
+    }
+    return None;
+}
+
+pub fn trace_api_call<QT, S>(
+    _hooks: &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+    _state: Option<&mut S>,
+    src: GuestAddr, dest: GuestAddr, id: u64
+)
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+{
+    unsafe {
+        let p = LAST_API_CALL.with(|x| x.get());
+        *p = Some((src,dest));
+        // print!("*");
+    }
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+//! systemstate referes to the State of a FreeRTOS fuzzing target
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+use libafl::bolts::HasRefCnt;
+use libafl::bolts::AsSlice;
+use std::hash::Hasher;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use freertos::TCB_t;
+
+pub mod freertos;
+pub mod helpers;
+pub mod observers;
+pub mod feedbacks;
+pub mod graph;
+pub mod schedulers;
+
+// #[cfg(feature = "fuzz_interrupt")]
+// pub const IRQ_INPUT_BYTES_NUMBER : u32 = 2; // Offset for interrupt bytes
+// #[cfg(not(feature = "fuzz_interrupt"))]
+// pub const IRQ_INPUT_BYTES_NUMBER : u32 = 0; // Offset for interrupt bytes
+// pub const IRQ_INPUT_OFFSET : u32 = 347780; // Tick offset for app code start
+
+// Constants
+const NUM_PRIOS: usize = 5;
+
+//============================= Struct definitions
+/// Raw info Dump from Qemu
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct RawFreeRTOSSystemState {
+    qemu_tick: u64,
+    current_tcb: TCB_t,
+    prio_ready_lists: [freertos::List_t; NUM_PRIOS],
+    dumping_ground: HashMap<u32,freertos::rtos_struct>,
+    input_counter: u32,
+    last_pc: Option<u64>,
+}
+/// List of system state dumps from QemuHelpers
+static mut CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC: Vec<RawFreeRTOSSystemState> = vec![];
+
+/// A reduced version of freertos::TCB_t
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct RefinedTCB {
+    pub task_name: String,
+    pub priority: u32,
+    pub base_priority: u32,
+    mutexes_held: u32,
+    notify_value: u32,
+    notify_state: u8,
+}
+
+impl Hash for RefinedTCB {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.task_name.hash(state);
+        self.priority.hash(state);
+        self.mutexes_held.hash(state);
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_hash_state"))]
+        self.notify_state.hash(state);
+        // self.notify_value.hash(state);
+    }
+}
+
+impl RefinedTCB {
+    pub fn from_tcb(input: &TCB_t) -> Self {
+        unsafe {
+            let tmp = std::mem::transmute::<[i8; 10],[u8; 10]>(input.pcTaskName);
+            let name : String = std::str::from_utf8(&tmp).expect("TCB name was not utf8").chars().filter(|x| *x != '\0').collect::<String>();
+            Self {
+                task_name: name,
+                priority: input.uxPriority,
+                base_priority: input.uxBasePriority,
+                mutexes_held: input.uxMutexesHeld,
+                notify_value: input.ulNotifiedValue[0],
+                notify_state: input.ucNotifyState[0],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn from_tcb_owned(input: TCB_t) -> Self {
+        unsafe {
+            let tmp = std::mem::transmute::<[i8; 10],[u8; 10]>(input.pcTaskName);
+            let name : String = std::str::from_utf8(&tmp).expect("TCB name was not utf8").chars().filter(|x| *x != '\0').collect::<String>();
+            Self {
+                task_name: name,
+                priority: input.uxPriority,
+                base_priority: input.uxBasePriority,
+                mutexes_held: input.uxMutexesHeld,
+                notify_value: input.ulNotifiedValue[0],
+                notify_state: input.ucNotifyState[0],
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Refined information about the states an execution transitioned between
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState {
+    pub start_tick: u64,
+    pub end_tick: u64,
+    last_pc: Option<u64>,
+    input_counter: u32,
+    pub current_task: RefinedTCB,
+    ready_list_after: Vec<RefinedTCB>,
+}
+impl PartialEq for RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.current_task == other.current_task && self.ready_list_after == other.ready_list_after &&
+            self.last_pc == other.last_pc
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.current_task.hash(state);
+        self.ready_list_after.hash(state);
+        // self.last_pc.hash(state);
+    }
+}
+impl RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState {
+    fn get_time(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.end_tick-self.start_tick
+    }
+}
+
+// Wrapper around Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState> to attach as Metadata
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+pub struct FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata {
+    pub inner: Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>,
+    trace_length: usize,
+    indices: Vec<usize>,    // Hashed enumeration of States
+    tcref: isize,
+}
+impl FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata {
+    pub fn new(inner: Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>) -> Self{
+        let tmp = inner.iter().enumerate().map(|x| compute_hash(x) as usize).collect();
+        Self {trace_length: inner.len(), inner: inner, indices: tmp, tcref: 0}
+    }
+}
+pub fn compute_hash<T>(obj: T) -> u64 
+where
+    T: Hash
+{
+    let mut s = DefaultHasher::new();
+    obj.hash(&mut s);
+    s.finish()
+}
+
+impl AsSlice for FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata {
+    /// Convert the slice of system-states to a slice of hashes over enumerated states
+    fn as_slice(&self) -> &[usize] {
+        self.indices.as_slice()
+    }
+
+    type Entry = usize;
+}
+
+impl HasRefCnt for FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata {
+    fn refcnt(&self) -> isize {
+        self.tcref
+    }
+
+    fn refcnt_mut(&mut self) -> &mut isize {
+        &mut self.tcref
+    }
+}
+
+libafl::impl_serdeany!(FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata);

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/observers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// use crate::systemstate::IRQ_INPUT_BYTES_NUMBER;
+use libafl::prelude::{ExitKind, AsSlice};
+use libafl::{inputs::HasTargetBytes, prelude::UsesInput};
+use libafl::bolts::HasLen;
+use libafl::bolts::tuples::Named;
+use libafl::Error;
+use libafl::observers::Observer;
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::{
+    CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC,
+    RawFreeRTOSSystemState,
+    RefinedTCB,
+    RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState,
+    freertos::{List_t, TCB_t, rtos_struct, rtos_struct::*},
+};
+
+//============================= Observer
+
+/// The Qemusystemstate Observer retrieves the systemstate
+/// that will get updated by the target.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default)]
+#[allow(clippy::unsafe_derive_deserialize)]
+pub struct QemuSystemStateObserver
+{
+    pub last_run: Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>,
+    pub last_input: Vec<u8>,
+    name: String,
+}
+
+impl<S> Observer<S> for QemuSystemStateObserver
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    S::Input : HasTargetBytes,
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn pre_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unsafe {CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC.clear(); }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn post_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input, _exit_kind: &ExitKind) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        unsafe {self.last_run = refine_system_states(&mut CURRENT_SYSTEMSTATE_VEC);}
+        self.last_input=_input.target_bytes().as_slice().to_owned();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for QemuSystemStateObserver
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        self.name.as_str()
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasLen for QemuSystemStateObserver
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.last_run.len()
+    }
+}
+
+impl QemuSystemStateObserver {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self{last_run: vec![], last_input: vec![], name: "systemstate".to_string()}
+    }
+
+}
+
+//============================= Parsing helpers
+
+/// Parse a List_t containing TCB_t into Vec<TCB_t> from cache. Consumes the elements from cache
+fn tcb_list_to_vec_cached(list: List_t, dump: &mut HashMap<u32,rtos_struct>) -> Vec<TCB_t>
+{
+    let mut ret : Vec<TCB_t> = Vec::new();
+    if list.uxNumberOfItems == 0 {return ret;}
+    let last_list_item = match dump.remove(&list.pxIndex).expect("List_t entry was not in Hashmap") {
+        List_Item_struct(li) => li,
+        List_MiniItem_struct(mli) => match dump.remove(&mli.pxNext).expect("MiniListItem pointer invaild") {
+                List_Item_struct(li) => li,
+                _ => panic!("MiniListItem of a non empty List does not point to ListItem"),
+            },
+        _ => panic!("List_t entry was not a ListItem"),
+    };
+    let mut next_index = last_list_item.pxNext;
+    let last_tcb = match dump.remove(&last_list_item.pvOwner).expect("ListItem Owner not in Hashmap") {
+        TCB_struct(t) => t,
+        _ => panic!("List content does not equal type"),
+    };
+    for _ in 0..list.uxNumberOfItems-1 {
+        let next_list_item = match dump.remove(&next_index).expect("List_t entry was not in Hashmap") {
+            List_Item_struct(li) => li,
+            List_MiniItem_struct(mli) => match dump.remove(&mli.pxNext).expect("MiniListItem pointer invaild") {
+                    List_Item_struct(li) => li,
+                    _ => panic!("MiniListItem of a non empty List does not point to ListItem"),
+                },
+            _ => panic!("List_t entry was not a ListItem"),
+        };
+        match dump.remove(&next_list_item.pvOwner).expect("ListItem Owner not in Hashmap") {
+            TCB_struct(t) => {ret.push(t)},
+            _ => panic!("List content does not equal type"),
+        }
+        next_index=next_list_item.pxNext;
+    }
+    ret.push(last_tcb);
+    ret
+}
+/// Drains a List of raw SystemStates to produce a refined trace
+fn refine_system_states(input: &mut Vec<RawFreeRTOSSystemState>) -> Vec<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState> {
+let mut ret = Vec::<RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState>::new();
+let mut start_tick : u64 = 0;
+for mut i in input.drain(..) {
+    let mut collector = Vec::<RefinedTCB>::new();
+    for j in i.prio_ready_lists.into_iter().rev() {
+        let mut tmp = tcb_list_to_vec_cached(j,&mut i.dumping_ground).iter().map(|x| RefinedTCB::from_tcb(x)).collect();
+        collector.append(&mut tmp);
+    }
+    ret.push(RefinedFreeRTOSSystemState {
+        current_task: RefinedTCB::from_tcb_owned(i.current_tcb),
+        start_tick: start_tick,
+        end_tick: i.qemu_tick,
+        ready_list_after: collector,
+        input_counter: i.input_counter,//+IRQ_INPUT_BYTES_NUMBER,
+        last_pc: i.last_pc,
+    });
+    start_tick=i.qemu_tick;
+}
+return ret;
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/systemstate/schedulers.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+//! The Minimizer schedulers are a family of corpus schedulers that feed the fuzzer
+//! with testcases only from a subset of the total corpus.
+
+use core::{marker::PhantomData};
+use std::{cmp::{max, min}, mem::swap, borrow::BorrowMut};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::{rands::Rand, serdeany::SerdeAny, AsSlice, HasRefCnt},
+    corpus::{Corpus, Testcase},
+    inputs::UsesInput,
+    schedulers::{Scheduler, TestcaseScore, minimizer::DEFAULT_SKIP_NON_FAVORED_PROB },
+    state::{HasCorpus, HasMetadata, HasRand, UsesState, State},
+    Error, SerdeAny, prelude::HasLen,
+    
+};
+
+use crate::worst::MaxTimeFavFactor;
+
+use super::FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata;
+
+/// A state metadata holding a map of favoreds testcases for each map entry
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, SerdeAny, Default)]
+pub struct LongestTracesMetadata {
+    /// map index -> corpus index
+    pub max_trace_length: usize,
+}
+
+impl LongestTracesMetadata {
+    fn new(l : usize) -> Self {
+        Self {max_trace_length: l}
+    }
+}
+
+/// The [`MinimizerScheduler`] employs a genetic algorithm to compute a subset of the
+/// corpus that exercise all the requested features (e.g. all the coverage seen so far)
+/// prioritizing [`Testcase`]`s` using [`TestcaseScore`]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct LongestTraceScheduler<CS> {
+    base: CS,
+    skip_non_favored_prob: u64,
+}
+
+impl<CS> UsesState for LongestTraceScheduler<CS>
+where
+    CS: UsesState,
+{
+    type State = CS::State;
+}
+
+impl<CS> Scheduler for LongestTraceScheduler<CS>
+where
+    CS: Scheduler,
+    CS::State: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
+{
+    /// Add an entry to the corpus and return its index
+    fn on_add(&self, state: &mut CS::State, idx: usize) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let l = state.corpus()
+                .get(idx)?
+                .borrow()
+                .metadata()
+                .get::<FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata>().map_or(0, |x| x.trace_length);
+        self.get_update_trace_length(state,l);
+        self.base.on_add(state, idx)
+    }
+
+    /// Replaces the testcase at the given idx
+    fn on_replace(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut CS::State,
+        idx: usize,
+        testcase: &Testcase<<CS::State as UsesInput>::Input>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let l = state.corpus()
+                .get(idx)?
+                .borrow()
+                .metadata()
+                .get::<FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata>().map_or(0, |x| x.trace_length);
+        self.get_update_trace_length(state, l);
+        self.base.on_replace(state, idx, testcase)
+    }
+
+    /// Removes an entry from the corpus, returning M if M was present.
+    fn on_remove(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut CS::State,
+        idx: usize,
+        testcase: &Option<Testcase<<CS::State as UsesInput>::Input>>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.base.on_remove(state, idx, testcase)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the next entry
+    fn next(&self, state: &mut CS::State) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+        let mut idx = self.base.next(state)?;
+        while {
+            let l = state.corpus()
+                    .get(idx)?
+                    .borrow()
+                    .metadata()
+                    .get::<FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata>().map_or(0, |x| x.trace_length);
+            let m = self.get_update_trace_length(state,l);
+            state.rand_mut().below(m) > l as u64 
+        } && state.rand_mut().below(100) < self.skip_non_favored_prob
+        {
+            idx = self.base.next(state)?;
+        }
+        Ok(idx)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<CS> LongestTraceScheduler<CS>
+where
+    CS: Scheduler,
+    CS::State: HasCorpus + HasMetadata + HasRand,
+{
+    pub fn get_update_trace_length(&self, state: &mut CS::State, par: usize) -> u64 {
+        // Create a new top rated meta if not existing
+        if let Some(td) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<LongestTracesMetadata>() {
+            let m = max(td.max_trace_length, par);
+            td.max_trace_length = m;
+            m as u64
+        } else {
+            state.add_metadata(LongestTracesMetadata::new(par));
+            par as u64
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn new(base: CS) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            base,
+            skip_non_favored_prob: DEFAULT_SKIP_NON_FAVORED_PROB,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//==========================================================================================
+
+/// A state metadata holding a map of favoreds testcases for each map entry
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, SerdeAny, Default)]
+pub struct GeneticMetadata {
+    pub current_gen: Vec<(usize, f64)>,
+    pub current_cursor: usize,
+    pub next_gen: Vec<(usize, f64)>,
+    pub gen: usize
+}
+
+impl GeneticMetadata {
+    fn new(current_gen: Vec<(usize, f64)>, next_gen: Vec<(usize, f64)>) -> Self {
+        Self {current_gen, current_cursor: 0, next_gen, gen: 0}
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct GenerationScheduler<S> {
+    phantom: PhantomData<S>,
+    gen_size: usize,
+}
+
+impl<S> UsesState for GenerationScheduler<S>
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+{
+    type State = S;
+}
+
+impl<S> Scheduler for GenerationScheduler<S>
+where
+    S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
+    S::Input: HasLen,
+{
+    /// get first element in current gen,
+    /// if current_gen is empty, swap lists, sort by FavFactor, take top k and return first
+    fn next(&self, state: &mut Self::State) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+        let mut to_remove : Vec<(usize, f64)> = vec![];
+        let mut to_return : usize = 0;
+        let c = state.corpus().count();
+        let gm = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<GeneticMetadata>().expect("Corpus Scheduler empty");
+        // println!("index: {} curr: {:?} next: {:?} gen: {} corp: {}", gm.current_cursor, gm.current_gen.len(), gm.next_gen.len(), gm.gen,
+        // c);
+        match gm.current_gen.get(gm.current_cursor) {
+            Some(c) => {
+                gm.current_cursor+=1;
+                // println!("normal next: {}", (*c).0);
+                return Ok((*c).0)
+            },
+            None => {
+                swap(&mut to_remove, &mut gm.current_gen);
+                swap(&mut gm.next_gen, &mut gm.current_gen);
+                gm.current_gen.sort_by(|a, b| a.1.partial_cmp(&b.1).unwrap());
+                // gm.current_gen.reverse();
+                if gm.current_gen.len() == 0 {panic!("Corpus is empty");}
+                let d : Vec<(usize, f64)> = gm.current_gen.drain(min(gm.current_gen.len(), self.gen_size)..).collect();
+                to_remove.extend(d);
+                // move all indices to the left, since all other indices will be deleted
+                gm.current_gen.sort_by(|a,b| a.0.cmp(&(*b).0)); // in order of the corpus index
+                for i in 0..gm.current_gen.len() {
+                    gm.current_gen[i] = (i, gm.current_gen[i].1);
+                }
+                to_return = gm.current_gen.get(0).unwrap().0;
+                gm.current_cursor=1;
+                gm.gen+=1;
+            }
+        };
+        // removing these elements will move all indices left by to_remove.len()
+        to_remove.sort_by(|x,y| x.0.cmp(&(*y).0));
+        to_remove.reverse();
+        for i in to_remove {
+            state.corpus_mut().remove(i.0).unwrap();
+        }
+        // println!("switch next: {to_return}");
+        return Ok(to_return);
+    }
+
+    /// Add the new input to the next generation
+    fn on_add(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::State,
+        idx: usize
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // println!("On Add {idx}");
+        let mut tc = state.corpus_mut().get(idx).unwrap().borrow_mut().clone();
+        let ff = MaxTimeFavFactor::compute(&mut tc, state).unwrap();
+        if let Some(gm) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<GeneticMetadata>() {
+            gm.next_gen.push((idx,ff));
+        } else {
+            state.add_metadata(GeneticMetadata::new(vec![], vec![(idx,ff)]));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    fn on_replace(
+        &self,
+        _state: &mut Self::State,
+        _idx: usize,
+        _prev: &Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // println!("On Replace {_idx}");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn on_remove(
+        &self,
+        state: &mut Self::State,
+        idx: usize,
+        _testcase: &Option<Testcase<<Self::State as UsesInput>::Input>>
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // println!("On Remove {idx}");
+        if let Some(gm) = state.metadata_mut().get_mut::<GeneticMetadata>() {
+            gm.next_gen = gm.next_gen.drain(..).into_iter().filter(|x| (*x).0 != idx).collect::<Vec<(usize, f64)>>();
+            gm.current_gen = gm.current_gen.drain(..).into_iter().filter(|x| (*x).0 != idx).collect::<Vec<(usize, f64)>>();
+        } else {
+            state.add_metadata(GeneticMetadata::new(vec![], vec![]));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> GenerationScheduler<S>
+{
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+            gen_size: 100,
+        }
+    }
+}

fuzzers/FRET/src/worst.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+use core::fmt::Debug;
+use core::cmp::Ordering::{Greater,Less,Equal};
+use libafl::inputs::BytesInput;
+use libafl::inputs::HasTargetBytes;
+use libafl::feedbacks::MapIndexesMetadata;
+use libafl::corpus::Testcase;
+use libafl::prelude::{UsesInput, AsSlice};
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+use libafl::schedulers::{MinimizerScheduler, TestcaseScore};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::fs;
+use hashbrown::{HashMap};
+use libafl::observers::ObserversTuple;
+use libafl::executors::ExitKind;
+use libafl::events::EventFirer;
+use libafl::state::{HasClientPerfMonitor, HasCorpus, UsesState};
+use libafl::inputs::Input;
+use libafl::feedbacks::Feedback;
+use libafl::state::HasMetadata;
+use libafl_qemu::edges::QemuEdgesMapMetadata;
+use libafl::observers::MapObserver;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::cmp;
+
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::{
+        tuples::Named,
+        HasLen,
+    },
+    observers::Observer,
+    Error,
+};
+
+use crate::clock::QemuClockObserver;
+use crate::systemstate::FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata;
+//=========================== Scheduler
+
+pub type TimeMaximizerCorpusScheduler<CS> =
+    MinimizerScheduler<CS, MaxTimeFavFactor<<CS as UsesState>::State>, MapIndexesMetadata>;
+
+/// Multiply the testcase size with the execution time.
+/// This favors small and quick testcases.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct MaxTimeFavFactor<S>
+where
+    S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
+    S::Input: HasLen,
+{
+    phantom: PhantomData<S>,
+}
+
+impl<S> TestcaseScore<S> for MaxTimeFavFactor<S>
+where
+    S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
+    S::Input: HasLen,
+{
+    fn compute(entry: &mut Testcase<<S as UsesInput>::Input>, state: &S) -> Result<f64, Error> {
+        // TODO maybe enforce entry.exec_time().is_some()
+        let et = entry.exec_time().expect("testcase.exec_time is needed for scheduler");
+        let tns : i64 = et.as_nanos().try_into().expect("failed to convert time");
+        Ok(-tns as f64)
+    }
+}
+
+pub type LenTimeMaximizerCorpusScheduler<CS> =
+    MinimizerScheduler<CS, MaxExecsLenFavFactor<<CS as UsesState>::State>, MapIndexesMetadata>;
+
+pub type TimeStateMaximizerCorpusScheduler<CS> =
+    MinimizerScheduler<CS, MaxTimeFavFactor<<CS as UsesState>::State>, FreeRTOSSystemStateMetadata>;
+
+/// Multiply the testcase size with the execution time.
+/// This favors small and quick testcases.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct MaxExecsLenFavFactor<S>
+where
+    S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
+    S::Input: HasLen,
+{
+    phantom: PhantomData<S>,
+}
+
+impl<S> TestcaseScore<S> for MaxExecsLenFavFactor<S>
+where
+    S: HasCorpus + HasMetadata,
+    S::Input: HasLen,
+{
+    fn compute(entry: &mut Testcase<S::Input>, state: &S) -> Result<f64, Error> {
+        let execs_per_hour = (3600.0/entry.exec_time().expect("testcase.exec_time is needed for scheduler").as_secs_f64());
+        let execs_times_length_per_hour = execs_per_hour*entry.cached_len()? as f64;
+        Ok(execs_times_length_per_hour)
+    }
+}
+
+//===================================================================
+
+/// A Feedback reporting if the Input consists of strictly decreasing bytes.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct SortedFeedback {
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for SortedFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+    S::Input: HasTargetBytes,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        let t = _input.target_bytes();
+        let tmp = t.as_slice();
+        if tmp.len()<32 {return Ok(false);}
+        let tmp = Vec::<u8>::from(&tmp[0..32]);
+        // tmp.reverse();
+        if tmp.is_sorted_by(|a,b| match a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(Less) {
+            Less => Some(Greater),
+            Equal => Some(Greater),
+            Greater => Some(Less),
+        }) {return Ok(true)};
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for SortedFeedback {
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "Sorted"
+    }
+}
+
+impl SortedFeedback {
+    /// Creates a new [`HitFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for SortedFeedback {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+//===================================================================
+/// A Feedback which expects a certain minimum execution time
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ExecTimeReachedFeedback
+{
+    target_time: u64,
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for ExecTimeReachedFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuClockObserver>("clock")
+            .expect("QemuClockObserver not found");
+        Ok(observer.last_runtime() >= self.target_time)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for ExecTimeReachedFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "ExecTimeReachedFeedback"
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExecTimeReachedFeedback
+where
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`ExecTimeReachedFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(target_time : u64) -> Self {
+        Self {target_time: target_time}
+    }
+}
+
+pub static mut EXEC_TIME_COLLECTION : Vec<u32> = Vec::new();
+
+/// A Noop Feedback which records a list of all execution times
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ExecTimeCollectorFeedback
+{
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for ExecTimeCollectorFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuClockObserver>("clock")
+            .expect("QemuClockObserver not found");
+        unsafe { EXEC_TIME_COLLECTION.push(observer.last_runtime().try_into().unwrap()); }
+        Ok(false)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for ExecTimeCollectorFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "ExecTimeCollectorFeedback"
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExecTimeCollectorFeedback
+where
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`ExecTimeCollectorFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+}
+
+/// Shared Metadata for a SysStateFeedback
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct ExecTimeCollectorFeedbackState
+{
+    collection: Vec<u32>,
+}
+impl Named for ExecTimeCollectorFeedbackState
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "ExecTimeCollectorFeedbackState"
+    }
+}
+
+//===================================================================
+/// A Feedback which expects a certain minimum execution time
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ExecTimeIncFeedback
+{
+    longest_time: u64,
+    last_is_longest: bool
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for ExecTimeIncFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        let observer = observers.match_name::<QemuClockObserver>("clocktime")
+            .expect("QemuClockObserver not found");
+        if observer.last_runtime() > self.longest_time {
+            self.longest_time = observer.last_runtime();
+            self.last_is_longest = true;
+            Ok(true)
+        } else {
+            self.last_is_longest = false;
+            Ok(false)
+        }
+    }
+    fn append_metadata(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        testcase: &mut Testcase<<S as UsesInput>::Input>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        #[cfg(feature = "feed_afl")]
+        if self.last_is_longest {
+            let mim : Option<&mut MapIndexesMetadata>= testcase.metadata_mut().get_mut();
+            // pretend that the longest input alone excercises some non-existing edge, to keep it relevant
+            mim.unwrap().list.push(usize::MAX);
+        };
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for ExecTimeIncFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "ExecTimeReachedFeedback"
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExecTimeIncFeedback
+where
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`ExecTimeReachedFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {longest_time: 0, last_is_longest: false}
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Noop Feedback which records a list of all execution times
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct AlwaysTrueFeedback
+{
+}
+
+impl<S> Feedback<S> for AlwaysTrueFeedback
+where
+    S: UsesInput + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+{
+    #[allow(clippy::wrong_self_convention)]
+    fn is_interesting<EM, OT>(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut S,
+        _manager: &mut EM,
+        _input: &S::Input,
+        _observers: &OT,
+        _exit_kind: &ExitKind,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Error>
+    where
+        EM: EventFirer<State = S>,
+        OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    {
+        Ok(true)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Named for AlwaysTrueFeedback
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "AlwaysTrueFeedback"
+    }
+}
+
+impl AlwaysTrueFeedback
+where
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`ExecTimeCollectorFeedback`]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+        }
+    }
+}

fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_accounting/Makefile.toml

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ windows_alias = "unsupported"
 [tasks.run_unix]
 script_runner = "@shell"
 script='''
-./${FUZZER_NAME} --cores 0 --input ./corpus &
+./${FUZZER_NAME} --cores 0 --input ./corpus
 '''
 dependencies = [ "fuzzer" ]
 

fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_ctx/Makefile.toml

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ windows_alias = "unsupported"
 [tasks.run_unix]
 script_runner = "@shell"
 script='''
-./${FUZZER_NAME} --cores 0 --input ./corpus &
+./${FUZZER_NAME} --cores 0 --input ./corpus
 '''
 dependencies = [ "fuzzer" ]
 

fuzzers/libfuzzer_libpng_launcher/Makefile.toml

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ windows_alias = "unsupported"
 [tasks.run_unix]
 script_runner = "@shell"
 script='''
-./${FUZZER_NAME} --cores 0 --input ./corpus &
+./${FUZZER_NAME} --cores 0 --input ./corpus
 '''
 dependencies = [ "fuzzer" ]
 

fuzzers/qemu_systemmode/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ default = ["std"]
 std = []
 
 [profile.release]
-lto = true
-codegen-units = 1
+incremental = true
 debug = true
+lto = "fat"
+codegen-units = 1
 
 [dependencies]
 libafl = { path = "../../libafl/" }

fuzzers/qemu_systemmode/src/fuzzer.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ use libafl::{
     stages::StdMutationalStage,
     state::{HasCorpus, StdState},
     Error,
-    //prelude::{SimpleMonitor, SimpleEventManager},
 };
 use libafl_qemu::{
     edges, edges::QemuEdgeCoverageHelper, elf::EasyElf, emu::Emulator, GuestPhysAddr, QemuExecutor,
@@ -88,20 +87,15 @@ pub fn fuzz() {
         }
         emu.remove_breakpoint(main_addr);
 
-        // emu.save_snapshot("start", true);
-
         emu.set_breakpoint(breakpoint); // BREAKPOINT
 
-        //use libafl_qemu::IntoEnumIterator;
-        // Save the GPRs
-        //let mut saved_regs: Vec<u64> = vec![];
-        //for r in Regs::iter() {
-        //    saved_regs.push(emu.cpu_from_index(0).read_reg(r).unwrap());
-        //}
+        // let saved_cpu_states: Vec<_> = (0..emu.num_cpus())
+        //     .map(|i| emu.cpu_from_index(i).save_state())
+        //     .collect();
 
-        let mut saved_cpu_states: Vec<_> = (0..emu.num_cpus())
-            .map(|i| emu.cpu_from_index(i).save_state())
-            .collect();
+        // emu.save_snapshot("start", true);
+
+        let snap = emu.create_fast_snapshot(true);
 
         // The wrapped harness function, calling out to the LLVM-style harness
         let mut harness = |input: &BytesInput| {
@@ -114,10 +108,6 @@ pub fn fuzz() {
                     // len = MAX_INPUT_SIZE;
                 }
 
-                //for (r, v) in saved_regs.iter().enumerate() {
-                //    emu.cpu_from_index(0).write_reg(r as i32, *v).unwrap();
-                //}
-
                 emu.write_phys_mem(input_addr, buf);
 
                 emu.run();
@@ -126,19 +116,24 @@ pub fn fuzz() {
                 let mut pcs = (0..emu.num_cpus())
                     .map(|i| emu.cpu_from_index(i))
                     .map(|cpu| -> Result<u32, String> { cpu.read_reg(Regs::Pc) });
-                let ret = match pcs
+                let _ret = match pcs
                     .find(|pc| (breakpoint..breakpoint + 5).contains(pc.as_ref().unwrap_or(&0)))
                 {
                     Some(_) => ExitKind::Ok,
                     None => ExitKind::Crash,
                 };
 
-                for (i, s) in saved_cpu_states.iter().enumerate() {
-                    emu.cpu_from_index(i).restore_state(s);
-                }
+                // OPTION 1: restore only the CPU state (registers et. al)
+                // for (i, s) in saved_cpu_states.iter().enumerate() {
+                //     emu.cpu_from_index(i).restore_state(s);
+                // }
 
+                // OPTION 2: restore a slow vanilla QEMU snapshot
                 // emu.load_snapshot("start", true);
 
+                // OPTION 3: restore a fast devices+mem snapshot
+                emu.restore_fast_snapshot(snap);
+
                 ret
             }
         };
@@ -161,7 +156,7 @@ pub fn fuzz() {
         );
 
         // A feedback to choose if an input is a solution or not
-        let mut objective = CrashFeedback::new(); //feedback_or_fast!(CrashFeedback::new(), TimeoutFeedback::new());
+        let mut objective = feedback_or_fast!(CrashFeedback::new(), TimeoutFeedback::new());
 
         // If not restarting, create a State from scratch
         let mut state = state.unwrap_or_else(|| {

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "tinyinst_simple"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+libafl = { version = "0.8.1", path = "../../libafl", features = ["tui"] }
+libafl_tinyinst = { version = "0.8.1", path = "../../libafl_tinyinst" }
+[profile.release]
+codegen-units = 1
+opt-level = 3

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/Makefile.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[tasks.build_test]
+command = "cl"
+args = ["./test/test.c", "-o", "./test/test.exe"]
+
+[tasks.run]
+dependencies = ["build_test"]
+command = "cargo"
+args = ["run", "--release"]

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Run Instruction
+1. Open up developer powershell so that you have access to cl (Windows Default Compiler)
+2. Run `cargo make run` to run the fuzzer

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::{
+        rands::{RandomSeed, StdRand},
+        tuples::tuple_list,
+    },
+    corpus::{CachedOnDiskCorpus, Corpus, OnDiskCorpus, Testcase},
+    events::SimpleEventManager,
+    feedbacks::{CrashFeedback, ListFeedback},
+    inputs::BytesInput,
+    monitors::SimpleMonitor,
+    mutators::{havoc_mutations, StdScheduledMutator},
+    observers::ListObserver,
+    schedulers::RandScheduler,
+    stages::StdMutationalStage,
+    state::StdState,
+    Fuzzer, StdFuzzer,
+};
+use libafl_tinyinst::executor::TinyInstExecutor;
+static mut COVERAGE: Vec<u64> = vec![];
+
+fn main() {
+    // Tinyinst things
+    let tinyinst_args = vec!["-instrument_module".to_string(), "test.exe".to_string()];
+
+    let args = vec![".\\test\\test.exe".to_string(), "@@".to_string()];
+
+    let observer = ListObserver::new("cov", unsafe { &mut COVERAGE });
+    let mut feedback = ListFeedback::new_with_observer(&observer);
+
+    let input = BytesInput::new(b"bad".to_vec());
+    let rand = StdRand::new();
+    let mut corpus = CachedOnDiskCorpus::new(PathBuf::from("./corpus_discovered"), 64).unwrap();
+    corpus
+        .add(Testcase::new(input))
+        .expect("error in adding corpus");
+    let solutions = OnDiskCorpus::new(PathBuf::from("./crashes")).unwrap();
+
+    let mut objective = CrashFeedback::new();
+    let mut state = StdState::new(rand, corpus, solutions, &mut feedback, &mut objective).unwrap();
+    let scheduler = RandScheduler::new();
+    let mut fuzzer = StdFuzzer::new(scheduler, feedback, objective);
+
+    let monitor = SimpleMonitor::new(|x| println!("{}", x));
+
+    let mut mgr = SimpleEventManager::new(monitor);
+    let mut executor = unsafe {
+        TinyInstExecutor::new(
+            &mut COVERAGE,
+            tinyinst_args,
+            args,
+            5000,
+            tuple_list!(observer),
+        )
+    };
+    let mutator = StdScheduledMutator::new(havoc_mutations());
+    let mut stages = tuple_list!(StdMutationalStage::new(mutator));
+    fuzzer
+        .fuzz_loop(&mut stages, &mut executor, &mut state, &mut mgr)
+        .expect("error in fuzzing loop");
+}

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/test/crash_input.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bad12

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/test/ok_input.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ok

fuzzers/tinyinst_simple/test/test.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+void pass1(char *buf, int buf_size) {
+  char target[0x10];
+  if (buf[0] == 'b') {
+    if (buf[1] == 'a') {
+      if (buf[2] == 'd') {
+        if (buf[3] == '1') {
+          if (buf[4] == '2') {
+            printf("You got me\n");
+            memcpy(target, buf, 0x1000000);
+            printf("GG\n");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  FILE *fp;
+  char  buf[0x1000];
+  if (argc == 2) {
+    fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
+    if (fp == NULL) {
+      printf("File not found\n");
+      printf("Received filename %s\n", argv[1]);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    fscanf(fp, "%s", buf);
+
+    pass1(buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+  } else {
+    printf("there is nothing\n");
+  }
+}

libafl/examples/llmp_test/main.rs

@@ -48,10 +48,7 @@ fn adder_loop(port: u16) -> ! {
         }
 
         if current_result != last_result {
-            println!(
-                "Adder handled {} messages, reporting {} to broker",
-                msg_counter, current_result
-            );
+            println!("Adder handled {msg_counter} messages, reporting {current_result} to broker");
 
             client
                 .send_buf(_TAG_MATH_RESULT_V1, &current_result.to_le_bytes())

libafl/src/bolts/core_affinity.rs

@@ -132,8 +132,7 @@ impl Cores {
 
         if cores.is_empty() {
             return Err(Error::illegal_argument(format!(
-                "No cores specified! parsed: {}",
-                args
+                "No cores specified! parsed: {args}"
             )));
         }
 
@@ -591,8 +590,7 @@ mod apple {
                 Ok(())
             } else {
                 Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                    "Failed to set_for_current {:?}",
-                    result
+                    "Failed to set_for_current {result:?}"
                 )))
             }
         }
@@ -615,8 +613,7 @@ mod apple {
                 Ok(())
             } else {
                 Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                    "Failed to set_for_current {:?}",
-                    result
+                    "Failed to set_for_current {result:?}"
                 )))
             }
         }

libafl/src/bolts/llmp.rs

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ const LLMP_PAGE_HEADER_LEN: usize = size_of::<LlmpPage>();
 
 /// The llmp broker registers a signal handler for cleanups on `SIGINT`.
 #[cfg(unix)]
-static mut GLOBAL_SIGHANDLER_STATE: LlmpBrokerSignalHandler = LlmpBrokerSignalHandler {
+static mut LLMP_SIGHANDLER_STATE: LlmpShutdownSignalHandler = LlmpShutdownSignalHandler {
     shutting_down: false,
 };
 
@@ -466,9 +466,7 @@ unsafe fn _llmp_page_init<SHM: ShMem>(shmem: &mut SHM, sender_id: ClientId, allo
     if !allow_reinit {
         assert!(
             (*page).magic != PAGE_INITIALIZED_MAGIC,
-            "Tried to initialize page {:?} twice (for shmem {:?})",
-            page,
-            shmem
+            "Tried to initialize page {page:?} twice (for shmem {shmem:?})"
         );
     }
 
@@ -641,10 +639,7 @@ where
             }
             Err(Error::File(e, _)) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::AddrInUse => {
                 // We are the client :)
-                println!(
-                    "We're the client (internal port already bound by broker, {:#?})",
-                    e
-                );
+                println!("We're the client (internal port already bound by broker, {e:#?})");
                 Ok(LlmpConnection::IsClient {
                     client: LlmpClient::create_attach_to_tcp(shmem_provider, port)?,
                 })
@@ -1082,8 +1077,7 @@ where
         let page = self.out_shmems.last_mut().unwrap().page_mut();
         if msg.is_null() || !llmp_msg_in_page(page, msg) {
             return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                "Llmp Message {:?} is null or not in current page",
-                msg
+                "Llmp Message {msg:?} is null or not in current page"
             )));
         }
 
@@ -1189,8 +1183,7 @@ where
         match unsafe { self.alloc_next_if_space(buf_len) } {
             Some(msg) => Ok(msg),
             None => Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                "Error allocating {} bytes in shmap",
-                buf_len
+                "Error allocating {buf_len} bytes in shmap"
             ))),
         }
     }
@@ -1258,8 +1251,7 @@ where
             || tag == LLMP_TAG_UNSET
         {
             return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                "Reserved tag supplied to send_buf ({:#X})",
-                tag
+                "Reserved tag supplied to send_buf ({tag:#X})"
             )));
         }
 
@@ -1282,8 +1274,7 @@ where
             || tag == LLMP_TAG_UNSET
         {
             return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                "Reserved tag supplied to send_buf ({:#X})",
-                tag
+                "Reserved tag supplied to send_buf ({tag:#X})"
             )));
         }
 
@@ -1742,8 +1733,7 @@ where
         let page_size = self.shmem.as_slice().len() - size_of::<LlmpPage>();
         if offset > page_size {
             Err(Error::illegal_argument(format!(
-                "Msg offset out of bounds (size: {}, requested offset: {})",
-                page_size, offset
+                "Msg offset out of bounds (size: {page_size}, requested offset: {offset})"
             )))
         } else {
             unsafe { Ok(((*page).messages.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8).add(offset) as *mut LlmpMsg) }
@@ -1770,12 +1760,12 @@ where
 /// A signal handler for the [`LlmpBroker`].
 #[cfg(unix)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct LlmpBrokerSignalHandler {
+pub struct LlmpShutdownSignalHandler {
     shutting_down: bool,
 }
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
-impl Handler for LlmpBrokerSignalHandler {
+impl Handler for LlmpShutdownSignalHandler {
     fn handle(&mut self, _signal: Signal, _info: siginfo_t, _context: &mut ucontext_t) {
         unsafe {
             ptr::write_volatile(&mut self.shutting_down, true);
@@ -1957,7 +1947,7 @@ where
     #[cfg(unix)]
     #[allow(clippy::unused_self)]
     fn is_shutting_down(&self) -> bool {
-        unsafe { ptr::read_volatile(&GLOBAL_SIGHANDLER_STATE.shutting_down) }
+        unsafe { ptr::read_volatile(&LLMP_SIGHANDLER_STATE.shutting_down) }
     }
 
     /// Always returns true on platforms, where no shutdown signal handlers are supported
@@ -1976,7 +1966,7 @@ where
         F: FnMut(ClientId, Tag, Flags, &[u8]) -> Result<LlmpMsgHookResult, Error>,
     {
         #[cfg(unix)]
-        if let Err(_e) = unsafe { setup_signal_handler(&mut GLOBAL_SIGHANDLER_STATE) } {
+        if let Err(_e) = unsafe { setup_signal_handler(&mut LLMP_SIGHANDLER_STATE) } {
             // We can live without a proper ctrl+c signal handler. Print and ignore.
             #[cfg(feature = "std")]
             println!("Failed to setup signal handlers: {_e}");
@@ -2048,7 +2038,7 @@ where
     /// This function returns the [`ShMemDescription`] the client uses to place incoming messages.
     /// The thread exits, when the remote broker disconnects.
     #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-    #[allow(clippy::let_and_return)]
+    #[allow(clippy::let_and_return, clippy::too_many_lines)]
     fn b2b_thread_on(
         mut stream: TcpStream,
         b2b_client_id: ClientId,
@@ -2096,16 +2086,17 @@ where
             #[cfg(all(feature = "llmp_debug", feature = "std"))]
             println!("B2B: Starting proxy loop :)");
 
+            let peer_address = stream.peer_addr().unwrap();
+
             loop {
                 // first, forward all data we have.
-                while let Some((client_id, tag, flags, payload)) = local_receiver
-                    .recv_buf_with_flags()
-                    .expect("Error reading from local page!")
-                {
+                loop {
+                    match local_receiver.recv_buf_with_flags() {
+                        Ok(None) => break, // no more data to forward
+                        Ok(Some((client_id, tag, flags, payload))) => {
                             if client_id == b2b_client_id {
                                 println!(
-                            "Ignored message we probably sent earlier (same id), TAG: {:x}",
-                            tag
+                                    "Ignored message we probably sent earlier (same id), TAG: {tag:x}"
                                 );
                                 continue;
                             }
@@ -2116,7 +2107,7 @@ where
                                 payload.len()
                             );
                             // We got a new message! Forward...
-                    send_tcp_msg(
+                            if let Err(e) = send_tcp_msg(
                                 &mut stream,
                                 &TcpRemoteNewMessage {
                                     client_id,
@@ -2124,8 +2115,17 @@ where
                                     flags,
                                     payload: payload.to_vec(),
                                 },
-                    )
-                    .expect("Error sending message via broker 2 broker");
+                            ) {
+                                println!("Got error {e} while trying to forward a message to broker {peer_address}, exiting thread");
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Err(Error::ShuttingDown) => {
+                            println!("Local broker is shutting down, exiting thread");
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => panic!("Error reading from local page! {e}"),
+                    }
                 }
 
                 // Then, see if we can receive something.
@@ -2134,7 +2134,8 @@ where
                 // Forwarding happens between each recv, too, as simplification.
                 // We ignore errors completely as they may be timeout, or stream closings.
                 // Instead, we catch stream close when/if we next try to send.
-                if let Ok(val) = recv_tcp_msg(&mut stream) {
+                match recv_tcp_msg(&mut stream) {
+                    Ok(val) => {
                         let msg: TcpRemoteNewMessage = val.try_into().expect(
                             "Illegal message received from broker 2 broker connection - shutting down.",
                         );
@@ -2148,13 +2149,28 @@ where
                         // TODO: Could probably optimize this somehow to forward all queued messages between locks... oh well.
                         // Todo: somehow mangle in the other broker id? ClientId?
                         new_sender
-                        .send_buf_with_flags(msg.tag, msg.flags | LLMP_FLAG_FROM_B2B, &msg.payload)
+                            .send_buf_with_flags(
+                                msg.tag,
+                                msg.flags | LLMP_FLAG_FROM_B2B,
+                                &msg.payload,
+                            )
                             .expect("B2B: Error forwarding message. Exiting.");
-                } else {
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        if let Error::File(e, _) = e {
+                            if e.kind() == ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof {
+                                println!(
+                                    "Broker {peer_address} seems to have disconnected, exiting"
+                                );
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+
                         #[cfg(all(feature = "llmp_debug", feature = "std"))]
                         println!("Received no input, timeout or closed. Looping back up :)");
                     }
                 }
+            }
         });
 
         let ret = recv.recv().map_err(|_| {
@@ -2389,8 +2405,7 @@ where
                             println!("Error adding client! Ignoring: {e:?}");
                             #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
                             return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                                "Error adding client! PANIC! {:?}",
-                                e
+                                "Error adding client! PANIC! {e:?}"
                             )));
                         }
                     };

libafl/src/bolts/os/unix_signals.rs

@@ -391,8 +391,7 @@ pub unsafe fn setup_signal_handler<T: 'static + Handler>(handler: &mut T) -> Res
         // Rust always panics on OOM, so we will, too.
         assert!(
             !SIGNAL_STACK_PTR.is_null(),
-            "Failed to allocate signal stack with {} bytes!",
-            SIGNAL_STACK_SIZE
+            "Failed to allocate signal stack with {SIGNAL_STACK_SIZE} bytes!"
         );
     }
     let mut ss: stack_t = mem::zeroed();

libafl/src/bolts/os/windows_exceptions.rs

@@ -23,9 +23,14 @@ pub use windows::Win32::{
 
 use crate::Error;
 
-//const EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION: c_long = -1;
+// For VEH
+const EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION: c_long = -1;
+
+// For VEH
 //const EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH: c_long = 0;
-const EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER: c_long = 1;
+
+// For SEH
+//const EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER: c_long = 1;
 
 // From https://github.com/Alexpux/mingw-w64/blob/master/mingw-w64-headers/crt/signal.h
 pub const SIGINT: i32 = 2;
@@ -314,9 +319,9 @@ unsafe fn internal_handle_exception(
         Some(handler_holder) => {
             let handler = &mut **handler_holder.handler.get();
             handler.handle(exception_code, exception_pointers);
-            EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER
+            EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION
         }
-        None => EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER,
+        None => EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION,
     }
 }
 
@@ -376,7 +381,7 @@ pub unsafe fn setup_exception_handler<T: 'static + Handler>(handler: &mut T) ->
     // SetUnhandledFilter does not work with frida since the stack is changed and exception handler is lost with Stalker enabled.
     // See https://github.com/AFLplusplus/LibAFL/pull/403
     AddVectoredExceptionHandler(
-        1,
+        0,
         Some(core::mem::transmute(handle_exception as *const c_void)),
     );
     Ok(())

libafl/src/bolts/shmem.rs

@@ -468,8 +468,7 @@ where
                     Ok(())
                 } else {
                     Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                        "Wrong result read from pipe! Expected 0, got {:?}",
-                        ret
+                        "Wrong result read from pipe! Expected 0, got {ret:?}"
                     )))
                 }
             }
@@ -630,8 +629,7 @@ pub mod unix_shmem {
                     if shm_fd == -1 {
                         perror(b"shm_open\0".as_ptr() as *const _);
                         return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                            "Failed to shm_open map with id {:?}",
-                            shmem_ctr
+                            "Failed to shm_open map with id {shmem_ctr:?}"
                         )));
                     }
 
@@ -640,8 +638,7 @@ pub mod unix_shmem {
                         perror(b"ftruncate\0".as_ptr() as *const _);
                         shm_unlink(filename_path.as_ptr() as *const _);
                         return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                            "setup_shm(): ftruncate() failed for map with id {:?}",
-                            shmem_ctr
+                            "setup_shm(): ftruncate() failed for map with id {shmem_ctr:?}"
                         )));
                     }
 
@@ -659,8 +656,7 @@ pub mod unix_shmem {
                         close(shm_fd);
                         shm_unlink(filename_path.as_ptr() as *const _);
                         return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                            "mmap() failed for map with id {:?}",
-                            shmem_ctr
+                            "mmap() failed for map with id {shmem_ctr:?}"
                         )));
                     }
 
@@ -691,8 +687,7 @@ pub mod unix_shmem {
                         perror(b"mmap\0".as_ptr() as *const _);
                         close(shm_fd);
                         return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                            "mmap() failed for map with fd {:?}",
-                            shm_fd
+                            "mmap() failed for map with fd {shm_fd:?}"
                         )));
                     }
 
@@ -997,8 +992,7 @@ pub mod unix_shmem {
                     let fd = open(device_path.as_ptr(), O_RDWR);
                     if fd == -1 {
                         return Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                            "Failed to open the ashmem device at {:?}",
-                            device_path
+                            "Failed to open the ashmem device at {device_path:?}"
                         )));
                     }
 

libafl/src/events/llmp.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ use crate::bolts::{
 };
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use crate::bolts::{llmp::LlmpConnection, shmem::StdShMemProvider, staterestore::StateRestorer};
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use crate::{
+    bolts::os::unix_signals::setup_signal_handler,
+    events::{shutdown_handler, SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA},
+};
 use crate::{
     bolts::{
         llmp::{self, Flags, LlmpClient, LlmpClientDescription, Tag},
@@ -393,10 +398,7 @@ where
                 executions: _,
             } => {
                 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-                println!(
-                    "Received new Testcase from {} ({:?})",
-                    _client_id, client_config
-                );
+                println!("Received new Testcase from {_client_id} ({client_config:?})");
 
                 let _res = if client_config.match_with(&self.configuration)
                     && observers_buf.is_some()
@@ -885,17 +887,42 @@ where
             mgr.to_env(_ENV_FUZZER_BROKER_CLIENT_INITIAL);
 
             // First, create a channel from the current fuzzer to the next to store state between restarts.
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            let mut staterestorer: StateRestorer<SP> =
+                StateRestorer::new(self.shmem_provider.new_shmem(256 * 1024 * 1024)?);
+
+            #[cfg(not(unix))]
             let staterestorer: StateRestorer<SP> =
                 StateRestorer::new(self.shmem_provider.new_shmem(256 * 1024 * 1024)?);
             // Store the information to a map.
             staterestorer.write_to_env(_ENV_FUZZER_SENDER)?;
 
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            unsafe {
+                let data = &mut SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA;
+                // Write the pointer to staterestorer so we can release its shmem later
+                core::ptr::write_volatile(
+                    &mut data.staterestorer_ptr,
+                    &mut staterestorer as *mut _ as *mut std::ffi::c_void,
+                );
+                data.allocator_pid = std::process::id() as usize;
+                data.shutdown_handler = shutdown_handler::<SP> as *const std::ffi::c_void;
+            }
+
+            // We setup signal handlers to clean up shmem segments used by state restorer
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            if let Err(_e) = unsafe { setup_signal_handler(&mut SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA) } {
+                // We can live without a proper ctrl+c signal handler. Print and ignore.
+                #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+                println!("Failed to setup signal handlers: {_e}");
+            }
+
             let mut ctr: u64 = 0;
             // Client->parent loop
             loop {
                 println!("Spawning next client (id {ctr})");
 
-                // On Unix, we fork
+                // On Unix, we fork (when fork feature is enabled)
                 #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "fork"))]
                 let child_status = {
                     self.shmem_provider.pre_fork()?;

libafl/src/events/mod.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use alloc::{
     string::{String, ToString},
     vec::Vec,
 };
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use core::ffi::c_void;
 use core::{fmt, hash::Hasher, marker::PhantomData, time::Duration};
 
 use ahash::AHasher;
@@ -16,6 +18,10 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use uuid::Uuid;
 
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use crate::bolts::os::unix_signals::{siginfo_t, ucontext_t, Handler, Signal};
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use crate::bolts::{shmem::ShMemProvider, staterestore::StateRestorer};
 use crate::{
     bolts::current_time,
     executors::ExitKind,
@@ -27,6 +33,80 @@ use crate::{
     Error,
 };
 
+/// Check if ctrl-c is sent with this struct
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+pub static mut SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA: ShutdownSignalData = ShutdownSignalData {
+    allocator_pid: 0,
+    staterestorer_ptr: core::ptr::null_mut(),
+    shutdown_handler: core::ptr::null(),
+};
+
+/// A signal handler for releasing `StateRestore` `ShMem`
+/// This struct holds a pointer to `StateRestore` and clean up the `ShMem` segment used by it.
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ShutdownSignalData {
+    allocator_pid: usize,
+    staterestorer_ptr: *mut c_void,
+    shutdown_handler: *const c_void,
+}
+
+/// Type for shutdown handler
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+pub type ShutdownFuncPtr =
+    unsafe fn(Signal, siginfo_t, &mut ucontext_t, data: &mut ShutdownSignalData);
+
+/// Shutdown handler. `SigTerm`, `SigInterrupt`, `SigQuit` call this
+/// We can't handle SIGKILL in the signal handler, this means that you shouldn't kill your fuzzer with `kill -9` because then the shmem segments are never freed
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This will acceess `data` and write to the global `data.staterestorer_ptr` if it's not null.
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+pub unsafe fn shutdown_handler<SP>(
+    signal: Signal,
+    _info: siginfo_t,
+    _context: &mut ucontext_t,
+    data: &mut ShutdownSignalData,
+) where
+    SP: ShMemProvider,
+{
+    println!(
+        "Fuzzer shutdown by Signal: {} Pid: {}",
+        signal,
+        std::process::id()
+    );
+
+    let ptr = data.staterestorer_ptr;
+    if ptr.is_null() || data.allocator_pid != std::process::id() as usize {
+        // Do nothing
+    } else {
+        // The process allocated the staterestorer map must take care of it
+        let sr = (ptr as *mut StateRestorer<SP>).as_mut().unwrap();
+        // println!("{:#?}", sr);
+        std::ptr::drop_in_place(sr);
+    }
+    println!("Bye!");
+    std::process::exit(0);
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+impl Handler for ShutdownSignalData {
+    fn handle(&mut self, signal: Signal, info: siginfo_t, context: &mut ucontext_t) {
+        unsafe {
+            let data = &mut SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA;
+            if !data.shutdown_handler.is_null() {
+                let func: ShutdownFuncPtr = std::mem::transmute(data.shutdown_handler);
+                (func)(signal, info, context, data);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn signals(&self) -> Vec<Signal> {
+        vec![Signal::SigTerm, Signal::SigInterrupt, Signal::SigQuit]
+    }
+}
+
 /// A per-fuzzer unique `ID`, usually starting with `0` and increasing
 /// by `1` in multiprocessed `EventManager`s, such as [`self::llmp::LlmpEventManager`].
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]

libafl/src/events/simple.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ use alloc::{
     string::{String, ToString},
     vec::Vec,
 };
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use core::ffi::c_void;
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use core::ptr::write_volatile;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use core::sync::atomic::{compiler_fence, Ordering};
 use core::{fmt::Debug, marker::PhantomData};
@@ -17,6 +21,11 @@ use super::{CustomBufEventResult, CustomBufHandlerFn, HasCustomBufHandlers, Prog
 use crate::bolts::os::startable_self;
 #[cfg(all(feature = "std", feature = "fork", unix))]
 use crate::bolts::os::{fork, ForkResult};
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "std"))]
+use crate::{
+    bolts::os::unix_signals::setup_signal_handler,
+    events::{shutdown_handler, SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA},
+};
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use crate::{
     bolts::{shmem::ShMemProvider, staterestore::StateRestorer},
@@ -283,8 +292,7 @@ where
             Ok(())
         } else {
             Err(Error::unknown(format!(
-                "Received illegal message that message should not have arrived: {:?}.",
-                event
+                "Received illegal message that message should not have arrived: {event:?}."
             )))
         }
     }
@@ -436,11 +444,36 @@ where
         // We start ourself as child process to actually fuzz
         let mut staterestorer = if std::env::var(_ENV_FUZZER_SENDER).is_err() {
             // First, create a place to store state in, for restarts.
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            let mut staterestorer: StateRestorer<SP> =
+                StateRestorer::new(shmem_provider.new_shmem(256 * 1024 * 1024)?);
+            #[cfg(not(unix))]
             let staterestorer: StateRestorer<SP> =
                 StateRestorer::new(shmem_provider.new_shmem(256 * 1024 * 1024)?);
+
             //let staterestorer = { LlmpSender::new(shmem_provider.clone(), 0, false)? };
             staterestorer.write_to_env(_ENV_FUZZER_SENDER)?;
 
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            unsafe {
+                let data = &mut SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA;
+                // Write the pointer to staterestorer so we can release its shmem later
+                write_volatile(
+                    &mut data.staterestorer_ptr,
+                    &mut staterestorer as *mut _ as *mut c_void,
+                );
+                data.allocator_pid = std::process::id() as usize;
+                data.shutdown_handler = shutdown_handler::<SP> as *const c_void;
+            }
+
+            // We setup signal handlers to clean up shmem segments used by state restorer
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            if let Err(_e) = unsafe { setup_signal_handler(&mut SHUTDOWN_SIGHANDLER_DATA) } {
+                // We can live without a proper ctrl+c signal handler. Print and ignore.
+                #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+                println!("Failed to setup signal handlers: {_e}");
+            }
+
             let mut ctr: u64 = 0;
             // Client->parent loop
             loop {

libafl/src/executors/command.rs

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ impl CommandConfigurator for StdCommandConfigurator {
 /// Construct a `CommandExecutor` by implementing [`CommandConfigurator`] for a type of your choice and calling [`CommandConfigurator::into_executor`] on it.
 /// Instead, you can use [`CommandExecutor::builder()`] to construct a [`CommandExecutor`] backed by a [`StdCommandConfigurator`].
 pub struct CommandExecutor<EM, OT, S, T, Z> {
-    /// The wrapped comand configurer
+    /// The wrapped command configurer
     configurer: T,
     /// The observers used by this executor
     observers: OT,
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ impl CommandExecutorBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Builds the `ComandExecutor`
+    /// Builds the `CommandExecutor`
     pub fn build<EM, OT, S, Z>(
         &self,
         observers: OT,
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ impl CommandExecutorBuilder {
     {
         let Some(program) = &self.program else {
              return Err(Error::illegal_argument(
-                "ComandExecutor::builder: no program set!",
+                "CommandExecutor::builder: no program set!",
            ));
         };
 

libafl/src/executors/forkserver.rs

@@ -249,8 +249,7 @@ impl Forkserver {
             Ok(_) => (),
             Err(err) => {
                 return Err(Error::illegal_state(format!(
-                    "Could not spawn the forkserver: {:#?}",
-                    err
+                    "Could not spawn the forkserver: {err:#?}"
                 )))
             }
         };

libafl/src/executors/inprocess.rs

@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ where
     {
         let handlers = InProcessHandlers::new::<Self, EM, OF, Z, H>()?;
         #[cfg(windows)]
+        // Some initialization necessary for windows.
         unsafe {
             /*
                 See https://github.com/AFLplusplus/LibAFL/pull/403
@@ -844,8 +845,7 @@ mod unix_signal_handler {
                 let si_addr = { _info.si_addr() as usize };
 
                 eprintln!(
-                "We crashed at addr 0x{:x}, but are not in the target... Bug in the fuzzer? Exiting.",
-                si_addr
+                "We crashed at addr 0x{si_addr:x}, but are not in the target... Bug in the fuzzer? Exiting."
                 );
 
                 #[cfg(all(feature = "std", unix))]
@@ -873,6 +873,149 @@ mod unix_signal_handler {
     }
 }
 
+/// Same as `inproc_crash_handler`, but this is called when address sanitizer exits, not from the exception handler
+#[cfg(all(windows, feature = "std"))]
+pub mod windows_asan_handler {
+    use alloc::string::String;
+    use core::{
+        ptr,
+        sync::atomic::{compiler_fence, Ordering},
+    };
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    use std::io::{stdout, Write};
+
+    use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{
+        EnterCriticalSection, LeaveCriticalSection, RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION,
+    };
+
+    use crate::{
+        corpus::{Corpus, Testcase},
+        events::{Event, EventFirer, EventRestarter},
+        executors::{inprocess::GLOBAL_STATE, Executor, ExitKind, HasObservers},
+        feedbacks::Feedback,
+        fuzzer::HasObjective,
+        inputs::UsesInput,
+        observers::ObserversTuple,
+        state::{HasClientPerfMonitor, HasMetadata, HasSolutions},
+    };
+
+    /// # Safety
+    /// ASAN deatch handler
+    pub unsafe extern "C" fn asan_death_handler<E, EM, OF, Z>()
+    where
+        E: Executor<EM, Z> + HasObservers,
+        EM: EventFirer<State = E::State> + EventRestarter<State = E::State>,
+        OF: Feedback<E::State>,
+        E::State: HasSolutions + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+        Z: HasObjective<Objective = OF, State = E::State>,
+    {
+        let mut data = &mut GLOBAL_STATE;
+        // Have we set a timer_before?
+        if !(data.tp_timer as *mut windows::Win32::System::Threading::TP_TIMER).is_null() {
+            /*
+                We want to prevent the timeout handler being run while the main thread is executing the crash handler
+                Timeout handler runs if it has access to the critical section or data.in_target == 0
+                Writing 0 to the data.in_target makes the timeout handler makes the timeout handler invalid.
+            */
+            compiler_fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
+            EnterCriticalSection(data.critical as *mut RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION);
+            compiler_fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
+            data.in_target = 0;
+            compiler_fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
+            LeaveCriticalSection(data.critical as *mut RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION);
+            compiler_fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+        eprintln!("ASAN detected crash!");
+        if data.current_input_ptr.is_null() {
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            {
+                eprintln!("Double crash\n");
+                eprintln!(
+                "ASAN detected crash but we're not in the target... Bug in the fuzzer? Exiting.",
+                );
+            }
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            {
+                eprintln!("Type QUIT to restart the child");
+                let mut line = String::new();
+                while line.trim() != "QUIT" {
+                    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO tell the parent to not restart
+        } else {
+            let executor = data.executor_mut::<E>();
+            // reset timer
+            if !data.tp_timer.is_null() {
+                executor.post_run_reset();
+                data.tp_timer = ptr::null_mut();
+            }
+
+            let state = data.state_mut::<E::State>();
+            let fuzzer = data.fuzzer_mut::<Z>();
+            let event_mgr = data.event_mgr_mut::<EM>();
+            let observers = executor.observers_mut();
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            eprintln!("Child crashed!");
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            drop(stdout().flush());
+
+            // Make sure we don't crash in the crash handler forever.
+            let input = data.take_current_input::<<E::State as UsesInput>::Input>();
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            eprintln!("Child crashed!");
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            drop(stdout().flush());
+
+            observers
+                .post_exec_all(state, input, &ExitKind::Crash)
+                .expect("Observers post_exec_all failed");
+
+            let interesting = fuzzer
+                .objective_mut()
+                .is_interesting(state, event_mgr, input, observers, &ExitKind::Crash)
+                .expect("In crash handler objective failure.");
+
+            if interesting {
+                let new_input = input.clone();
+                let mut new_testcase = Testcase::new(new_input);
+                new_testcase.add_metadata(ExitKind::Crash);
+                fuzzer
+                    .objective_mut()
+                    .append_metadata(state, &mut new_testcase)
+                    .expect("Failed adding metadata");
+                state
+                    .solutions_mut()
+                    .add(new_testcase)
+                    .expect("In crash handler solutions failure.");
+                event_mgr
+                    .fire(
+                        state,
+                        Event::Objective {
+                            objective_size: state.solutions().count(),
+                        },
+                    )
+                    .expect("Could not send crashing input");
+            }
+
+            event_mgr.on_restart(state).unwrap();
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            eprintln!("Waiting for broker...");
+            event_mgr.await_restart_safe();
+            #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+            eprintln!("Bye!");
+        }
+        // Don't need to exit, Asan will exit for us
+        // ExitProcess(1);
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(all(windows, feature = "std"))]
 mod windows_exception_handler {
     #[cfg(feature = "std")]
@@ -890,7 +1033,9 @@ mod windows_exception_handler {
         panic,
     };
 
-    use windows::Win32::System::Threading::ExitProcess;
+    use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{
+        EnterCriticalSection, ExitProcess, LeaveCriticalSection, RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION,
+    };
 
     use crate::{
         bolts::os::windows_exceptions::{
@@ -904,6 +1049,7 @@ mod windows_exception_handler {
         },
         feedbacks::Feedback,
         fuzzer::HasObjective,
+        inputs::UsesInput,
         observers::ObserversTuple,
         state::{HasClientPerfMonitor, HasMetadata, HasSolutions},
     };
@@ -935,12 +1081,6 @@ mod windows_exception_handler {
         }
     }
 
-    use windows::Win32::System::Threading::{
-        EnterCriticalSection, LeaveCriticalSection, RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION,
-    };
-
-    use crate::inputs::UsesInput;
-
     /// invokes the `post_exec` hook on all observer in case of panic
     #[cfg(feature = "std")]
     pub fn setup_panic_hook<E, EM, OF, Z>()
@@ -1030,6 +1170,7 @@ mod windows_exception_handler {
         }));
     }
 
+    /// Timeout handler for windows
     pub unsafe extern "system" fn inproc_timeout_handler<E, EM, OF, Z>(
         _p0: *mut u8,
         global_state: *mut c_void,
@@ -1153,10 +1294,10 @@ mod windows_exception_handler {
             compiler_fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
         }
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+        if let Some(exception_pointers) = exception_pointers.as_mut() {
             let code = ExceptionCode::try_from(
                 exception_pointers
-                .as_mut()
-                .unwrap()
                     .ExceptionRecord
                     .as_mut()
                     .unwrap()
@@ -1164,9 +1305,11 @@ mod windows_exception_handler {
                     .0,
             )
             .unwrap();
-
-        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
             eprintln!("Crashed with {}", code);
+        } else {
+            eprintln!("Crashed without exception (probably due to SIGABRT)");
+        };
+
         if data.current_input_ptr.is_null() {
             #[cfg(feature = "std")]
             {

libafl/src/feedbacks/differential.rs

@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ where
         let o2_name = o2.name().to_string();
         if o1_name == o2_name {
             Err(Error::illegal_argument(format!(
-                "DiffFeedback: observer names must be different (both were {})",
-                o1_name
+                "DiffFeedback: observer names must be different (both were {o1_name})"
             )))
         } else {
             Ok(Self {

libafl/src/feedbacks/mod.rs

@@ -963,6 +963,7 @@ where
     T: Debug + Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
 {
     name: String,
+    last_addr: usize,
     phantom: PhantomData<T>,
 }
 
@@ -1012,6 +1013,7 @@ where
     pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> Self {
         Self {
             name: name.to_string(),
+            last_addr: 0,
             phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
@@ -1021,6 +1023,7 @@ where
     pub fn new_with_observer(observer: &ListObserver<T>) -> Self {
         Self {
             name: observer.name().to_string(),
+            last_addr: 0,
             phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }

libafl/src/fuzzer/mod.rs

@@ -229,6 +229,82 @@ where
 
         Ok(ret)
     }
+
+    /// Fuzz for n iterations.
+    /// Returns the index of the last fuzzed corpus item.
+    /// (Note: An iteration represents a complete run of every stage.
+    /// therefore the number n is not always equal to the number of the actual harness executions,
+    /// because each stage could run the harness for multiple times)
+    ///
+    /// If you use this fn in a restarting scenario to only run for `n` iterations,
+    /// before exiting, make sure you call `event_mgr.on_restart(&mut state)?;`.
+    /// This way, the state will be available in the next, respawned, iteration.
+    fn fuzz_loop_for_duration(
+        &mut self,
+        stages: &mut ST,
+        executor: &mut E,
+        state: &mut EM::State,
+        manager: &mut EM,
+        time: Duration
+    ) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+        if time==Duration::ZERO {
+            return Err(Error::illegal_argument(
+                "Cannot fuzz for 0 duration!".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let mut ret = 0;
+        let mut last = current_time();
+        let monitor_timeout = STATS_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
+
+        let starttime = std::time::Instant::now();
+
+        while std::time::Instant::now().duration_since(starttime) < time {
+            ret = self.fuzz_one(stages, executor, state, manager)?;
+            last = manager.maybe_report_progress(state, last, monitor_timeout)?;
+        }
+
+        // If we would assume the fuzzer loop will always exit after this, we could do this here:
+        // manager.on_restart(state)?;
+        // But as the state may grow to a few megabytes,
+        // for now we won' and the user has to do it (unless we find a way to do this on `Drop`).
+
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+
+    /// Fuzz for n iterations.
+    /// Returns the index of the last fuzzed corpus item.
+    /// (Note: An iteration represents a complete run of every stage.
+    /// therefore the number n is not always equal to the number of the actual harness executions,
+    /// because each stage could run the harness for multiple times)
+    ///
+    /// If you use this fn in a restarting scenario to only run for `n` iterations,
+    /// before exiting, make sure you call `event_mgr.on_restart(&mut state)?;`.
+    /// This way, the state will be available in the next, respawned, iteration.
+    fn fuzz_loop_until(
+        &mut self,
+        stages: &mut ST,
+        executor: &mut E,
+        state: &mut EM::State,
+        manager: &mut EM,
+        time: std::time::Instant
+    ) -> Result<usize, Error> {
+        let mut ret = 0;
+        let mut last = current_time();
+        let monitor_timeout = STATS_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
+
+        while std::time::Instant::now() < time {
+            ret = self.fuzz_one(stages, executor, state, manager)?;
+            last = manager.maybe_report_progress(state, last, monitor_timeout)?;
+        }
+
+        // If we would assume the fuzzer loop will always exit after this, we could do this here:
+        // manager.on_restart(state)?;
+        // But as the state may grow to a few megabytes,
+        // for now we won' and the user has to do it (unless we find a way to do this on `Drop`).
+
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
 }
 
 /// The corpus this input should be added to

libafl/src/monitors/mod.rs

@@ -832,8 +832,7 @@ impl core::fmt::Display for ClientPerfMonitor {
         // Create the formatted string
         writeln!(
             f,
-            "  {:6.4}: Scheduler\n  {:6.4}: Manager",
-            scheduler_percent, manager_percent
+            "  {scheduler_percent:6.4}: Scheduler\n  {manager_percent:6.4}: Manager"
         )?;
 
         // Calculate each stage

libafl/src/mutators/token_mutations.rs

@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ impl Tokens {
         }
         if token_stop < token_start {
             return Err(Error::illegal_argument(format!(
-                "Tried to create tokens from illegal section: stop < start ({:?} < {:?})",
-                token_stop, token_start
+                "Tried to create tokens from illegal section: stop < start ({token_stop:?} < {token_start:?})"
             )));
         }
         let section_size: usize = token_stop.offset_from(token_start).try_into().unwrap();
@@ -185,8 +184,7 @@ impl Tokens {
                 Ok(val) => val,
                 Err(_) => {
                     return Err(Error::illegal_argument(format!(
-                        "Illegal line (hex decoding): {}",
-                        line
+                        "Illegal line (hex decoding): {line}"
                     )))
                 }
             };

libafl/src/observers/map.rs

@@ -108,14 +108,6 @@ pub trait MapObserver: HasLen + Named + Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned
     /// Get the initial value for reset()
     fn initial(&self) -> Self::Entry;
 
-    /// Get the initial value for reset() (mutable)
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Entry;
-
-    /// Set the initial value for reset()
-    fn set_initial(&mut self, initial: Self::Entry) {
-        *self.initial_mut() = initial;
-    }
-
     /// Reset the map
     fn reset_map(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>;
 
@@ -389,11 +381,6 @@ where
         self.initial
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        &mut self.initial
-    }
-
     fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T> {
         self.as_slice().to_vec()
     }
@@ -776,11 +763,6 @@ where
         self.initial
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        &mut self.initial
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> &T {
         &self.as_slice()[idx]
@@ -1050,11 +1032,6 @@ where
         self.initial
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        &mut self.initial
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn usable_count(&self) -> usize {
         *self.size.as_ref()
@@ -1261,11 +1238,6 @@ where
         self.base.initial()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut u8 {
-        self.base.initial_mut()
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn usable_count(&self) -> usize {
         self.base.usable_count()
@@ -1489,11 +1461,6 @@ where
         self.base.initial()
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut u8 {
-        self.base.initial_mut()
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn usable_count(&self) -> usize {
         self.base.usable_count()
@@ -1734,11 +1701,6 @@ where
         self.initial
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        &mut self.initial
-    }
-
     fn count_bytes(&self) -> u64 {
         let initial = self.initial();
         let mut res = 0;
@@ -2090,16 +2052,6 @@ where
         self.initial
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-        &mut self.initial
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn set_initial(&mut self, initial: T) {
-        self.initial = initial;
-    }
-
     /// Reset the map
     #[inline]
     fn reset_map(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
@@ -2478,17 +2430,6 @@ pub mod pybind {
                     mapob_unwrap_me!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.initial() })
                 }
 
-                #[inline]
-                fn initial_mut(&mut self) -> &mut $datatype {
-                    let ptr = mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.initial_mut() as *mut $datatype });
-                    unsafe { ptr.as_mut().unwrap() }
-                }
-
-                #[inline]
-                fn set_initial(&mut self, initial: $datatype) {
-                    mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.set_initial(initial) });
-                }
-
                 #[inline]
                 fn reset_map(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
                     mapob_unwrap_me_mut!($wrapper_name, self.wrapper, m, { m.reset_map() })

libafl/src/observers/mod.rs

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ pub use stacktrace::*;
 
 pub mod concolic;
 
+pub mod value;
 // Rust is breaking this with 'error: intrinsic safety mismatch between list of intrinsics within the compiler and core library intrinsics for intrinsic `type_id`' and so we disable this component for the moment
 //#[cfg(unstable_feature)]
 //pub mod owned;
 //#[cfg(unstable_feature)]
 //pub use owned::*;
-
 use alloc::{
     string::{String, ToString},
     vec::Vec,
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use alloc::{
 use core::{fmt::Debug, time::Duration};
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+pub use value::*;
 
 use crate::{
     bolts::{

libafl/src/observers/value.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//! A simple observer with a single value.
+
+use alloc::{
+    boxed::Box,
+    string::{String, ToString},
+};
+use core::fmt::Debug;
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use super::Observer;
+use crate::{
+    bolts::{ownedref::OwnedRef, tuples::Named},
+    inputs::UsesInput,
+    Error,
+};
+
+/// A simple observer with a single value.
+///
+/// The intent is that the value is something with interior mutability (e.g., a
+/// `RefCell`), which the target could write to even though this observer has a
+/// reference to it.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+#[serde(bound = "T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned")]
+pub struct ValueObserver<'a, T>
+where
+    T: Debug + Serialize,
+{
+    /// The name of this observer.
+    name: String,
+    /// The value.
+    pub value: OwnedRef<'a, T>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> ValueObserver<'a, T>
+where
+    T: Debug + Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    /// Creates a new [`ValueObserver`] with the given name.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str, value: &'a T) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            value: OwnedRef::Ref(value),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get a reference to the underlying value.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &T {
+        self.value.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Set the value.
+    pub fn set(&mut self, new_value: T) {
+        self.value = OwnedRef::Owned(Box::new(new_value));
+    }
+
+    /// Clone or move the current value out of this object.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn take(self) -> T
+    where
+        T: Clone,
+    {
+        match self.value {
+            OwnedRef::Ref(r) => r.clone(),
+            OwnedRef::Owned(v) => *v,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// This *does not* reset the value inside the observer.
+impl<'a, S, T> Observer<S> for ValueObserver<'a, T>
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    T: Debug + Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    fn pre_exec(&mut self, _state: &mut S, _input: &S::Input) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, T> Named for ValueObserver<'a, T>
+where
+    T: Debug + Serialize + serde::de::DeserializeOwned,
+{
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.name
+    }
+}

libafl/src/schedulers/accounting.rs

@@ -210,8 +210,7 @@ where
                         let must_remove = {
                             let old_meta = old.metadata_mut().get_mut::<AccountingIndexesMetadata>().ok_or_else(|| {
                                 Error::key_not_found(format!(
-                                    "AccountingIndexesMetadata, needed by CoverageAccountingScheduler, not found in testcase #{}",
-                                    old_idx
+                                    "AccountingIndexesMetadata, needed by CoverageAccountingScheduler, not found in testcase #{old_idx}"
                                 ))
                             })?;
                             *old_meta.refcnt_mut() -= 1;

libafl/src/schedulers/minimizer.rs

@@ -209,8 +209,7 @@ where
             let factor = F::compute(&mut *entry, state)?;
             let meta = entry.metadata_mut().get_mut::<M>().ok_or_else(|| {
                 Error::key_not_found(format!(
-                    "Metadata needed for MinimizerScheduler not found in testcase #{}",
-                    idx
+                    "Metadata needed for MinimizerScheduler not found in testcase #{idx}"
                 ))
             })?;
             for elem in meta.as_slice() {
@@ -229,8 +228,7 @@ where
                     let must_remove = {
                         let old_meta = old.metadata_mut().get_mut::<M>().ok_or_else(|| {
                             Error::key_not_found(format!(
-                                "Metadata needed for MinimizerScheduler not found in testcase #{}",
-                                old_idx
+                                "Metadata needed for MinimizerScheduler not found in testcase #{old_idx}"
                             ))
                         })?;
                         *old_meta.refcnt_mut() -= 1;
@@ -283,8 +281,7 @@ where
                 let mut entry = state.corpus().get(*idx)?.borrow_mut();
                 let meta = entry.metadata().get::<M>().ok_or_else(|| {
                     Error::key_not_found(format!(
-                        "Metadata needed for MinimizerScheduler not found in testcase #{}",
-                        idx
+                        "Metadata needed for MinimizerScheduler not found in testcase #{idx}"
                     ))
                 })?;
                 for elem in meta.as_slice() {

libafl/src/schedulers/powersched.rs

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl SchedulerMetadata {
 /// The power schedule to use
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum PowerSchedule {
-    /// The `explore" power schedule
+    /// The `explore` power schedule
     EXPLORE,
     /// The `exploit` power schedule
     EXPLOIT,

libafl/src/stages/generalization.rs

@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@ where
             let original = input.clone();
             let meta = entry.metadata().get::<MapNoveltiesMetadata>().ok_or_else(|| {
                     Error::key_not_found(format!(
-                        "MapNoveltiesMetadata needed for GeneralizationStage not found in testcase #{} (check the arguments of MapFeedback::new(...))",
-                        corpus_idx
+                        "MapNoveltiesMetadata needed for GeneralizationStage not found in testcase #{corpus_idx} (check the arguments of MapFeedback::new(...))"
                     ))
                 })?;
             (payload, original, meta.as_slice().to_vec())

libafl/src/stages/push/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! While normal stages call the executor over and over again, push stages turn this concept upside down:
 //! A push stage instead returns an iterator that generates a new result for each time it gets called.
 //! With the new testcase, you will have to take care about testcase execution, manually.
-//! The push stage relies on internal muttability of the supplied `Observers`.
+//! The push stage relies on internal mutability of the supplied `Observers`.
 //!
 
 /// Mutational stage is the normal fuzzing stage.

libafl_cc/build.rs

@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ fn find_llvm_config_brew() -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
             match glob_results.last() {
                 Some(path) => Ok(path.unwrap()),
                 None => Err(format!(
-                    "No llvm-config found in brew cellar with pattern {}",
-                    cellar_glob
+                    "No llvm-config found in brew cellar with pattern {cellar_glob}"
                 )),
             }
         }

libafl_concolic/symcc_runtime/build.rs

@@ -182,8 +182,7 @@ fn write_symcc_runtime_bindings_file(out_path: &Path, cpp_bindings: &bindgen::Bi
             let function_name = &captures[1];
             writeln!(
                 bindings_file,
-                "#[link_name=\"{}{}\"]",
-                SYMCC_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_NAME_PREFIX, function_name
+                "#[link_name=\"{SYMCC_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_NAME_PREFIX}{function_name}\"]"
             )
             .unwrap();
         }

libafl_frida/src/alloc.rs

@@ -440,8 +440,7 @@ impl Allocator {
             Some(metadata) => metadata.size,
             None => {
                 panic!(
-                    "Attempted to get_usable_size on a pointer ({:?}) which was not allocated!",
-                    ptr
+                    "Attempted to get_usable_size on a pointer ({ptr:?}) which was not allocated!"
                 );
             }
         }

libafl_frida/src/asan/asan_rt.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ pub const ASAN_SAVE_REGISTER_NAMES: [&str; ASAN_SAVE_REGISTER_COUNT] = [
 #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
 pub const ASAN_SAVE_REGISTER_COUNT: usize = 32;
 
+#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+const ASAN_EH_FRAME_DWORD_COUNT: usize = 14;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+const ASAN_EH_FRAME_FDE_OFFSET: u32 = 20;
+#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+const ASAN_EH_FRAME_FDE_ADDRESS_OFFSET: u32 = 28;
+
 /// The frida address sanitizer runtime, providing address sanitization.
 /// When executing in `ASAN`, each memory access will get checked, using frida stalker under the hood.
 /// The runtime can report memory errors that occurred during execution,
@@ -131,6 +138,9 @@ pub struct AsanRuntime {
     module_map: Option<ModuleMap>,
     suppressed_addresses: Vec<usize>,
     shadow_check_func: Option<extern "C" fn(*const c_void, usize) -> bool>,
+
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+    eh_frame: [u32; ASAN_EH_FRAME_DWORD_COUNT],
 }
 
 impl Debug for AsanRuntime {
@@ -304,6 +314,9 @@ impl AsanRuntime {
             module_map: None,
             suppressed_addresses: Vec::new(),
             shadow_check_func: None,
+
+            #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+            eh_frame: [0; ASAN_EH_FRAME_DWORD_COUNT],
         }
     }
 
@@ -386,8 +399,7 @@ impl AsanRuntime {
         self.allocator
             .map_shadow_for_region(tls_start, tls_end, true);
         println!(
-            "registering thread with stack {:x}:{:x} and tls {:x}:{:x}",
-            stack_start, stack_end, tls_start, tls_end
+            "registering thread with stack {stack_start:x}:{stack_end:x} and tls {tls_start:x}:{tls_end:x}"
         );
     }
 
@@ -1534,7 +1546,8 @@ impl AsanRuntime {
     }
 
     #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
-    #[allow(clippy::unused_self, clippy::identity_op)] // identity_op appears to be a false positive in ubfx
+    // identity_op appears to be a false positive in ubfx
+    #[allow(clippy::unused_self, clippy::identity_op, clippy::too_many_lines)]
     fn generate_shadow_check_function(&mut self) {
         let shadow_bit = self.allocator.shadow_bit();
         let mut ops = dynasmrt::VecAssembler::<dynasmrt::aarch64::Aarch64Relocation>::new(0);
@@ -1641,18 +1654,34 @@ impl AsanRuntime {
         );
 
         let blob = ops.finalize().unwrap();
+        let mut map_flags = MapFlags::MAP_ANON | MapFlags::MAP_PRIVATE;
+
+        // apple aarch64 requires MAP_JIT to allocates WX pages
+        if cfg!(all(target_vendor = "apple", target_arch = "aarch64")) {
+            map_flags |= MapFlags::MAP_JIT;
+        }
+
         unsafe {
             let mapping = mmap(
                 std::ptr::null_mut(),
                 0x1000,
                 ProtFlags::all(),
-                MapFlags::MAP_ANON | MapFlags::MAP_PRIVATE,
+                map_flags,
                 -1,
                 0,
             )
             .unwrap();
+
+            // on apple aarch64, WX pages can't be both writable and executable at the same time.
+            // pthread_jit_write_protect_np flips them from executable (1) to writable (0)
+            #[cfg(all(target_vendor = "apple", target_arch = "aarch64"))]
+            libc::pthread_jit_write_protect_np(0);
+
             blob.as_ptr()
                 .copy_to_nonoverlapping(mapping as *mut u8, blob.len());
+
+            #[cfg(all(target_vendor = "apple", target_arch = "aarch64"))]
+            libc::pthread_jit_write_protect_np(1);
             self.shadow_check_func = Some(std::mem::transmute(mapping as *mut u8));
         }
     }
@@ -1967,8 +1996,10 @@ impl AsanRuntime {
             ; stp x0, x1, [x28]
 
             ; adr x25, <report
-            ; adr x0, >eh_frame_fde
-            ; adr x27, >fde_address
+            ; adr x15, >eh_frame_cie_addr
+            ; ldr x15, [x15]
+            ; add x0, x15, ASAN_EH_FRAME_FDE_OFFSET // eh_frame_fde
+            ; add x27, x15, ASAN_EH_FRAME_FDE_ADDRESS_OFFSET // fde_address
             ; ldr w26, [x27]
             ; cmp w26, #0x0
             ; b.ne >skip_register
@@ -2013,29 +2044,25 @@ impl AsanRuntime {
             ; .qword AsanRuntime::handle_trap as *mut c_void as i64
             ; register_frame_func:
             ; .qword __register_frame as *mut c_void as i64
-            ; eh_frame_cie:
-            ; .dword 0x14
-            ; .dword 0x00
-            ; .dword 0x00527a01
-            ; .dword 0x011e7c01
-            ; .dword 0x001f0c1b
-            ; eh_frame_fde:
-            ; .dword 0x14
-            ; .dword 0x18
-            ; fde_address:
-            ; .dword 0x0 // <-- address offset goes here
-            ; .dword 0x104
-                //advance_loc 12
-                //def_cfa r29 (x29) at offset 16
-                //offset r30 (x30) at cfa-8
-                //offset r29 (x29) at cfa-16
-            ; .dword 0x1d0c4c00
-            ; .dword 0x9d029e10u32 as i32
-            ; .dword 0x04
-            // empty next FDE:
-            ; .dword 0x0
-            ; .dword 0x0
+            ; eh_frame_cie_addr:
+            ; .qword addr_of_mut!(self.eh_frame) as i64
         );
+        self.eh_frame = [
+            0x14, 0, 0x00527a01, 0x011e7c01, 0x001f0c1b, //
+            // eh_frame_fde
+            0x14, 0x18, //
+            // fde_address
+            0, // <-- address offset goes here
+            0x104,
+            // advance_loc 12
+            // def_cfa r29 (x29) at offset 16
+            // offset r30 (x30) at cfa-8
+            // offset r29 (x29) at cfa-16
+            0x1d0c4c00, 0x9d029e10, 0x4, //
+            // empty next FDE:
+            0, 0,
+        ];
+
         self.blob_report = Some(ops_report.finalize().unwrap().into_boxed_slice());
 
         self.blob_check_mem_byte = Some(self.generate_shadow_check_blob(0));

libafl_frida/src/asan/errors.rs

@@ -312,8 +312,7 @@ impl AsanErrors {
             | AsanError::BadFuncArgWrite((name, _pc, address, size, backtrace)) => {
                 writeln!(
                     output,
-                    " in call to {}, argument {:#016x}, size: {:#x}",
-                    name, address, size
+                    " in call to {name}, argument {address:#016x}, size: {size:#x}"
                 )
                 .unwrap();
                 output.reset().unwrap();
@@ -432,12 +431,7 @@ impl AsanErrors {
                     )
                     .unwrap();
                 } else {
-                    writeln!(
-                        output,
-                        " at 0x{:x}, faulting address 0x{:x}",
-                        pc, fault_address
-                    )
-                    .unwrap();
+                    writeln!(output, " at 0x{pc:x}, faulting address 0x{fault_address:x}").unwrap();
                 }
                 output.reset().unwrap();
 

libafl_frida/src/coverage_rt.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 //! Functionality regarding binary-only coverage collection.
 use core::ptr::addr_of_mut;
+use std::{
+    cell::{Ref, RefCell},
+    marker::PhantomPinned,
+    ops::Deref,
+    pin::Pin,
+    rc::Rc,
+};
 
 use dynasmrt::{dynasm, DynasmApi, DynasmLabelApi};
 #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
@@ -15,15 +22,19 @@ use crate::helper::FridaRuntime;
 /// (Default) map size for frida coverage reporting
 pub const MAP_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
 
-/// Frida binary-only coverage
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct CoverageRuntime {
+struct CoverageRuntimeInner {
     map: [u8; MAP_SIZE],
     previous_pc: u64,
     current_log_impl: u64,
     blob_maybe_log: Option<Box<[u8]>>,
+    _pinned: PhantomPinned,
 }
 
+/// Frida binary-only coverage
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct CoverageRuntime(Pin<Rc<RefCell<CoverageRuntimeInner>>>);
+
 impl Default for CoverageRuntime {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::new()
@@ -32,6 +43,7 @@ impl Default for CoverageRuntime {
 
 impl FridaRuntime for CoverageRuntime {
     /// Initialize the coverage runtime
+    /// The struct MUST NOT be moved after this function is called, as the generated assembly references it
     fn init(
         &mut self,
         _gum: &frida_gum::Gum,
@@ -60,23 +72,24 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
     /// Create a new coverage runtime
     #[must_use]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
+        Self(Rc::pin(RefCell::new(CoverageRuntimeInner {
             map: [0_u8; MAP_SIZE],
             previous_pc: 0,
             current_log_impl: 0,
             blob_maybe_log: None,
-        }
+            _pinned: PhantomPinned,
+        })))
     }
 
     /// Retrieve the coverage map pointer
     pub fn map_ptr_mut(&mut self) -> *mut u8 {
-        self.map.as_mut_ptr()
+        self.0.borrow_mut().map.as_mut_ptr()
     }
 
     /// Retrieve the `maybe_log` code blob, that will write coverage into the map
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn blob_maybe_log(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        self.blob_maybe_log.as_ref().unwrap()
+    pub fn blob_maybe_log(&self) -> impl Deref<Target = Box<[u8]>> + '_ {
+        Ref::map(self.0.borrow(), |s| s.blob_maybe_log.as_ref().unwrap())
     }
 
     /// A minimal `maybe_log` implementation. We insert this into the transformed instruction stream
@@ -104,12 +117,13 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
             ;   ldp x1, x2, [sp], #0x10
             ;   ret
             ;map_addr:
-            ;.qword addr_of_mut!(self.map) as i64
+            ;.qword addr_of_mut!(self.0.borrow_mut().map) as i64
             ;previous_loc:
             ;.qword 0
         );
         let ops_vec = ops.finalize().unwrap();
-        self.blob_maybe_log = Some(ops_vec[..ops_vec.len() - 8].to_vec().into_boxed_slice());
+        self.0.borrow_mut().blob_maybe_log =
+            Some(ops_vec[..ops_vec.len() - 8].to_vec().into_boxed_slice());
     }
 
     /// A minimal `maybe_log` implementation. We insert this into the transformed instruction stream
@@ -140,12 +154,13 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
             ;   popfq
             ;   ret
             ;map_addr:
-            ;.qword addr_of_mut!(self.map) as i64
+            ;.qword addr_of_mut!(self.0.borrow_mut().map) as i64
             ;previous_loc:
             ;.qword 0
         );
         let ops_vec = ops.finalize().unwrap();
-        self.blob_maybe_log = Some(ops_vec[..ops_vec.len() - 8].to_vec().into_boxed_slice());
+        self.0.borrow_mut().blob_maybe_log =
+            Some(ops_vec[..ops_vec.len() - 8].to_vec().into_boxed_slice());
     }
 
     /// Emits coverage mapping into the current basic block.
@@ -156,9 +171,10 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
         let writer = output.writer();
         #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_wrap)] // gum redzone size is u32, we need an offset as i32.
         let redzone_size = i64::from(frida_gum_sys::GUM_RED_ZONE_SIZE);
-        if self.current_log_impl == 0
-            || !writer.can_branch_directly_to(self.current_log_impl)
-            || !writer.can_branch_directly_between(writer.pc() + 128, self.current_log_impl)
+        if self.0.borrow().current_log_impl == 0
+            || !writer.can_branch_directly_to(self.0.borrow().current_log_impl)
+            || !writer
+                .can_branch_directly_between(writer.pc() + 128, self.0.borrow().current_log_impl)
         {
             let after_log_impl = writer.code_offset() + 1;
 
@@ -167,9 +183,9 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
             #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
             writer.put_b_label(after_log_impl);
 
-            self.current_log_impl = writer.pc();
-            writer.put_bytes(self.blob_maybe_log());
-            let prev_loc_pointer = addr_of_mut!(self.previous_pc) as u64; // Get the pointer to self.previous_pc
+            self.0.borrow_mut().current_log_impl = writer.pc();
+            writer.put_bytes(&self.blob_maybe_log());
+            let prev_loc_pointer = addr_of_mut!(self.0.borrow_mut().previous_pc) as u64; // Get the pointer to self.previous_pc
 
             writer.put_bytes(&prev_loc_pointer.to_ne_bytes());
 
@@ -180,7 +196,7 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
             writer.put_lea_reg_reg_offset(X86Register::Rsp, X86Register::Rsp, -(redzone_size));
             writer.put_push_reg(X86Register::Rdi);
             writer.put_mov_reg_address(X86Register::Rdi, h64 & (MAP_SIZE as u64 - 1));
-            writer.put_call_address(self.current_log_impl);
+            writer.put_call_address(self.0.borrow().current_log_impl);
             writer.put_pop_reg(X86Register::Rdi);
             writer.put_lea_reg_reg_offset(X86Register::Rsp, X86Register::Rsp, redzone_size);
         }
@@ -195,7 +211,7 @@ impl CoverageRuntime {
             );
             writer.put_ldr_reg_u64(Aarch64Register::X0, h64 & (MAP_SIZE as u64 - 1));
 
-            writer.put_bl_imm(self.current_log_impl);
+            writer.put_bl_imm(self.0.borrow().current_log_impl);
             writer.put_ldp_reg_reg_reg_offset(
                 Aarch64Register::Lr,
                 Aarch64Register::X0,

libafl_frida/src/executor.rs

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ where
     S::Input: HasTargetBytes,
     S: UsesInput,
     OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    'a: 'b,
 {
     base: InProcessExecutor<'a, H, OT, S>,
     /// Frida's dynamic rewriting engine
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ where
     /// User provided callback for instrumentation
     helper: &'c mut FridaInstrumentationHelper<'b, RT>,
     followed: bool,
+    gum: &'b Gum,
     _phantom: PhantomData<&'b u8>,
 }
 
@@ -83,8 +85,8 @@ where
                 self.stalker.activate(NativePointer(core::ptr::null_mut()));
             } else {
                 self.followed = true;
-                self.stalker
-                    .follow_me::<NoneEventSink>(self.helper.transformer(), None);
+                let transformer = self.helper.transformer(self.gum);
+                self.stalker.follow_me::<NoneEventSink>(&transformer, None);
             }
         }
         let res = self.base.run_target(fuzzer, state, mgr, input);
@@ -185,6 +187,7 @@ where
             base,
             stalker,
             helper,
+            gum,
             followed: false,
             _phantom: PhantomData,
         }

libafl_frida/src/helper.rs

@@ -115,8 +115,6 @@ where
 
 /// An helper that feeds `FridaInProcessExecutor` with edge-coverage instrumentation
 pub struct FridaInstrumentationHelper<'a, RT> {
-    /// Transformer that has to be passed to FridaInProcessExecutor
-    transformer: Option<Transformer<'a>>,
     #[cfg(unix)]
     capstone: Capstone,
     ranges: RangeMap<usize, (u16, String)>,
@@ -204,7 +202,6 @@ where
             modules_to_instrument.iter().map(AsRef::as_ref).collect();
 
         let mut helper = Self {
-            transformer: None,
             #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
             capstone: Capstone::new()
                 .arm64()
@@ -245,122 +242,12 @@ where
                 }
             }
 
-            let transformer = Transformer::from_callback(gum, |basic_block, output| {
-                let mut first = true;
-                for instruction in basic_block {
-                    let instr = instruction.instr();
-                    #[cfg(unix)]
-                    let instr_size = instr.bytes().len();
-                    let address = instr.address();
-                    //println!("block @ {:x} transformed to {:x}", address, output.writer().pc());
-
-                    //println!(
-                    //"address: {:x} contains: {:?}",
-                    //address,
-                    //helper.ranges.contains_key(&(address as usize))
-                    //);
-
-                    // println!("Ranges: {:#?}", helper.ranges);
-                    if helper.ranges.contains_key(&(address as usize)) {
-                        if first {
-                            first = false;
-                            //println!("block @ {:x} transformed to {:x}", address, output.writer().pc());
-                            if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime_mut::<CoverageRuntime>() {
-                                rt.emit_coverage_mapping(address, &output);
-                            }
-
-                            #[cfg(unix)]
-                            if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime_mut::<DrCovRuntime>() {
-                                instruction.put_callout(|context| {
-                                    let real_address = rt.real_address_for_stalked(pc(&context));
-                                    //let (range, (id, name)) = helper.ranges.get_key_value(&real_address).unwrap();
-                                    //println!("{}:0x{:016x}", name, real_address - range.start);
-                                    rt.drcov_basic_blocks.push(DrCovBasicBlock::new(
-                                        real_address,
-                                        real_address + instr_size,
-                                    ));
-                                });
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        #[cfg(unix)]
-                        let res = if let Some(_rt) = helper.runtime::<AsanRuntime>() {
-                            AsanRuntime::asan_is_interesting_instruction(
-                                &helper.capstone,
-                                address,
-                                instr,
-                            )
-                        } else {
-                            None
-                        };
-
-                        #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", unix))]
-                        if let Some((segment, width, basereg, indexreg, scale, disp)) = res {
-                            if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime_mut::<AsanRuntime>() {
-                                rt.emit_shadow_check(
-                                    address, &output, segment, width, basereg, indexreg, scale,
-                                    disp,
+            // make sure we aren't in the instrumented list, as it would cause recursions
+            assert!(
+                !helper.ranges.contains_key(&(Self::new as usize)),
+                "instrumented libraries must not include the fuzzer"
             );
-                            }
-                        }
 
-                        #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
-                        if let Some((basereg, indexreg, displacement, width, shift, extender)) = res
-                        {
-                            if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime_mut::<AsanRuntime>() {
-                                rt.emit_shadow_check(
-                                    address,
-                                    &output,
-                                    basereg,
-                                    indexreg,
-                                    displacement,
-                                    width,
-                                    shift,
-                                    extender,
-                                );
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        #[cfg(all(feature = "cmplog", target_arch = "aarch64"))]
-                        if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime::<CmpLogRuntime>() {
-                            if let Some((op1, op2, special_case)) =
-                                CmpLogRuntime::cmplog_is_interesting_instruction(
-                                    &helper.capstone,
-                                    address,
-                                    instr,
-                                )
-                            {
-                                //emit code that saves the relevant data in runtime(passes it to x0, x1)
-                                rt.emit_comparison_handling(
-                                    address,
-                                    &output,
-                                    &op1,
-                                    &op2,
-                                    special_case,
-                                );
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        #[cfg(unix)]
-                        if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime_mut::<AsanRuntime>() {
-                            rt.add_stalked_address(
-                                output.writer().pc() as usize - instr_size,
-                                address as usize,
-                            );
-                        }
-
-                        #[cfg(unix)]
-                        if let Some(rt) = helper.runtime_mut::<DrCovRuntime>() {
-                            rt.add_stalked_address(
-                                output.writer().pc() as usize - instr_size,
-                                address as usize,
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
-                    instruction.keep();
-                }
-            });
-            helper.transformer = Some(transformer);
             helper
                 .runtimes
                 .init_all(gum, &helper.ranges, &modules_to_instrument);
@@ -385,8 +272,110 @@ where
     }
 
     /// Returns ref to the Transformer
-    pub fn transformer(&self) -> &Transformer<'a> {
-        self.transformer.as_ref().unwrap()
+    pub fn transformer(&mut self, gum: &'a Gum) -> Transformer<'a> {
+        Transformer::from_callback(gum, |basic_block, output| {
+            let mut first = true;
+            for instruction in basic_block {
+                let instr = instruction.instr();
+                #[cfg(unix)]
+                let instr_size = instr.bytes().len();
+                let address = instr.address();
+                //println!("block @ {:x} transformed to {:x}", address, output.writer().pc());
+
+                //println!(
+                //"address: {:x} contains: {:?}",
+                //address,
+                //self.ranges().contains_key(&(address as usize))
+                //);
+
+                // println!("Ranges: {:#?}", self.ranges());
+                if self.ranges().contains_key(&(address as usize)) {
+                    if first {
+                        first = false;
+                        //println!("block @ {:x} transformed to {:x}", address, output.writer().pc());
+                        if let Some(rt) = self.runtime_mut::<CoverageRuntime>() {
+                            rt.emit_coverage_mapping(address, &output);
+                        }
+
+                        #[cfg(unix)]
+                        if let Some(rt) = self.runtime_mut::<DrCovRuntime>() {
+                            instruction.put_callout(|context| {
+                                let real_address = rt.real_address_for_stalked(pc(&context));
+                                //let (range, (id, name)) = helper.ranges.get_key_value(&real_address).unwrap();
+                                //println!("{}:0x{:016x}", name, real_address - range.start);
+                                rt.drcov_basic_blocks.push(DrCovBasicBlock::new(
+                                    real_address,
+                                    real_address + instr_size,
+                                ));
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    #[cfg(unix)]
+                    let res = if let Some(_rt) = self.runtime::<AsanRuntime>() {
+                        AsanRuntime::asan_is_interesting_instruction(&self.capstone, address, instr)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+
+                    #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", unix))]
+                    if let Some((segment, width, basereg, indexreg, scale, disp)) = res {
+                        if let Some(rt) = self.runtime_mut::<AsanRuntime>() {
+                            rt.emit_shadow_check(
+                                address, &output, segment, width, basereg, indexreg, scale, disp,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    #[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
+                    if let Some((basereg, indexreg, displacement, width, shift, extender)) = res {
+                        if let Some(rt) = self.runtime_mut::<AsanRuntime>() {
+                            rt.emit_shadow_check(
+                                address,
+                                &output,
+                                basereg,
+                                indexreg,
+                                displacement,
+                                width,
+                                shift,
+                                extender,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    #[cfg(all(feature = "cmplog", target_arch = "aarch64"))]
+                    if let Some(rt) = self.runtime::<CmpLogRuntime>() {
+                        if let Some((op1, op2, special_case)) =
+                            CmpLogRuntime::cmplog_is_interesting_instruction(
+                                &self.capstone,
+                                address,
+                                instr,
+                            )
+                        {
+                            //emit code that saves the relevant data in runtime(passes it to x0, x1)
+                            rt.emit_comparison_handling(address, &output, &op1, &op2, special_case);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    #[cfg(unix)]
+                    if let Some(rt) = self.runtime_mut::<AsanRuntime>() {
+                        rt.add_stalked_address(
+                            output.writer().pc() as usize - instr_size,
+                            address as usize,
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    #[cfg(unix)]
+                    if let Some(rt) = self.runtime_mut::<DrCovRuntime>() {
+                        rt.add_stalked_address(
+                            output.writer().pc() as usize - instr_size,
+                            address as usize,
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                instruction.keep();
+            }
+        })
     }
 
     /// Initializa all

libafl_nyx/build_nyx_support.sh

@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ echo "[*] Making sure all Nyx is checked out"
 
 git status 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 
-if [ ! -d ./QEMU-Nyx ]; then
+if [ ! -e ./QEMU-Nyx/.git ]; then
+    rm -rf ./QEMU-Nyx
     git clone https://github.com/nyx-fuzz/QEMU-Nyx.git || exit 1
     pushd QEMU-Nyx
     git reset --hard 80f22f77d6aab14e62bf11c80db4e210bbca5fb5
     popd
 fi
 
-if [ ! -d ./packer ]; then
+if [ ! -e ./packer/.git ]; then
+    rm -rf ./packer
     git clone https://github.com/syheliel/packer.git || exit 1
     pushd QEMU-Nyx
     git reset --hard 86b159bafc0b2ba8feeaa8761a45b6201d34084f

libafl_qemu/Cargo.toml

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ x86_64 = ["libafl_qemu_sys/x86_64"] # build qemu for x86_64 (default)
 i386 = ["libafl_qemu_sys/i386"] # build qemu for i386
 arm = ["libafl_qemu_sys/arm"] # build qemu for arm
 aarch64 = ["libafl_qemu_sys/aarch64"] # build qemu for aarch64
+mips = ["libafl_qemu_sys/mips"] # build qemu for mips (el, use with the 'be' feature of mips be)
+
 be = ["libafl_qemu_sys/be"]
 
 usermode = ["libafl_qemu_sys/usermode"]

libafl_qemu/build_linux.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ pub fn build() {
         "aarch64".to_string()
     } else if cfg!(feature = "i386") {
         "i386".to_string()
+    } else if cfg!(feature = "mips") {
+        "mips".to_string()
     } else {
         env::var("CPU_TARGET").unwrap_or_else(|_| {
             "x86_64".to_string()

libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/bindings.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ const WRAPPER_HEADER: &str = r#"
 #include "sysemu/tcg.h"
 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
 
+#include "libafl_extras/syx-snapshot/syx-snapshot.h"
+
 #endif
 
 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
@@ -105,6 +107,10 @@ pub fn generate(
         .allowlist_function("tlb_plugin_lookup")
         .allowlist_function("qemu_plugin_hwaddr_phys_addr")
         .allowlist_function("qemu_plugin_get_hwaddr")
+        .allowlist_function("syx_snapshot_init")
+        .allowlist_function("syx_snapshot_create")
+        .allowlist_function("syx_snapshot_root_restore")
+        .allowlist_function("syx_snapshot_dirty_list_add")
         .blocklist_function("main_loop_wait") // bindgen issue #1313
         .parse_callbacks(Box::new(bindgen::CargoCallbacks));
 

libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/build.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use which::which;
 
 const QEMU_URL: &str = "https://github.com/AFLplusplus/qemu-libafl-bridge";
 const QEMU_DIRNAME: &str = "qemu-libafl-bridge";
-const QEMU_REVISION: &str = "9707dd2d211221367915d5da21fe8693d6842eaf";
+const QEMU_REVISION: &str = "e5424c34d223c2b638af6e4c9eef039db8b69dd4";
 
 fn build_dep_check(tools: &[&str]) {
     for tool in tools {
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ pub fn build(
         cpu_target += "eb";
     }
 
+    if !is_big_endian && cpu_target == "mips" && !cfg!(feature = "clippy") {
+        cpu_target += "el";
+    }
+
     let custum_qemu_dir = env::var_os("CUSTOM_QEMU_DIR").map(|x| x.to_string_lossy().to_string());
     let custum_qemu_no_build = env::var("CUSTOM_QEMU_NO_BUILD").is_ok();
     let custum_qemu_no_configure = env::var("CUSTOM_QEMU_NO_CONFIGURE").is_ok();
@@ -69,10 +73,7 @@ pub fn build(
         }
 
         if !qemu_path.is_dir() {
-            println!(
-                "cargo:warning=Qemu not found, cloning with git ({})...",
-                QEMU_REVISION
-            );
+            println!("cargo:warning=Qemu not found, cloning with git ({QEMU_REVISION})...");
             fs::create_dir_all(&qemu_path).unwrap();
             Command::new("git")
                 .current_dir(&qemu_path)

libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_build/src/main.rs

@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ use libafl_qemu_build::build_with_bindings;
 // RUST_BACKTRACE=1 OUT_DIR=/tmp/foo/a/b/c cargo run
 fn main() {
     let bfile = PathBuf::from("generated_qemu_bindings.rs");
-    build_with_bindings("arm", false, true, None, &bfile);
+    build_with_bindings("arm", false, false, None, &bfile);
 }

libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_sys/Cargo.toml

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ x86_64 = [] # build qemu for x86_64 (default)
 i386 = [] # build qemu for i386
 arm = [] # build qemu for arm
 aarch64 = [] # build qemu for aarch64
+mips = [] # build qemu for mips (el, use with the 'be' feature of mips be)
+
 be = []
 
 usermode = []

libafl_qemu/libafl_qemu_sys/build_linux.rs

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ pub fn build() {
 
     // Make sure we have at most one architecutre feature set
     // Else, we default to `x86_64` - having a default makes CI easier :)
-    assert_unique_feature!("arm", "aarch64", "i386", "i86_64");
+    assert_unique_feature!("arm", "aarch64", "i386", "i86_64", "mips");
 
-    // Make sure that we don't have BE set for any architecture other than arm
+    // Make sure that we don't have BE set for any architecture other than arm and mips
     // Sure aarch64 may support BE, but its not in common usage and we don't
     // need it yet and so haven't tested it
     assert_unique_feature!("be", "aarch64", "i386", "i86_64");
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ pub fn build() {
         "aarch64".to_string()
     } else if cfg!(feature = "i386") {
         "i386".to_string()
+    } else if cfg!(feature = "mips") {
+        "mips".to_string()
     } else {
         env::var("CPU_TARGET").unwrap_or_else(|_| {
             println!(

libafl_qemu/src/blocks.rs

@@ -43,36 +43,7 @@ pub fn pc2basicblock(pc: GuestAddr, emu: &Emulator) -> Result<Vec<Instruction>,
     let mut iaddr = pc;
     let mut block = Vec::<Instruction>::new();
 
-    #[cfg(cpu_target = "x86_64")]
-    let cs = Capstone::new()
-        .x86()
-        .mode(capstone::arch::x86::ArchMode::Mode64)
-        .detail(true)
-        .build()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    #[cfg(cpu_target = "i386")]
-    let cs = Capstone::new()
-        .x86()
-        .mode(capstone::arch::x86::ArchMode::Mode32)
-        .detail(true)
-        .build()
-        .unwrap();
-
-    #[cfg(cpu_target = "arm")]
-    let cs = Capstone::new()
-        .arm()
-        .mode(capstone::arch::arm::ArchMode::Arm)
-        .detail(true)
-        .build()
-        .unwrap();
-    #[cfg(cpu_target = "aarch64")]
-    let cs = Capstone::new()
-        .arm64()
-        .mode(capstone::arch::arm64::ArchMode::Arm)
-        .detail(true)
-        .build()
-        .unwrap();
+    let cs = crate::capstone().detail(true).build().unwrap();
 
     'disasm: while let Ok(insns) = cs.disasm_count(code, iaddr.into(), 1) {
         if insns.is_empty() {

libafl_qemu/src/emu.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ pub type GuestPhysAddr = libafl_qemu_sys::hwaddr;
 
 pub type GuestHwAddrInfo = libafl_qemu_sys::qemu_plugin_hwaddr;
 
+#[cfg(emulation_mode = "systemmode")]
+pub type FastSnapshot = *mut libafl_qemu_sys::syx_snapshot_t;
+
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct MemAccessInfo {
@@ -279,8 +282,10 @@ extern "C" {
     fn qemu_cleanup();
 
     fn libafl_save_qemu_snapshot(name: *const u8, sync: bool);
-    #[allow(unused)]
     fn libafl_load_qemu_snapshot(name: *const u8, sync: bool);
+
+    pub fn icount_get_raw() -> u64;
+    fn libafl_start_int_timer();
 }
 
 #[cfg(emulation_mode = "systemmode")]
@@ -309,6 +314,9 @@ extern "C" {
 
     fn libafl_qemu_set_breakpoint(addr: u64) -> i32;
     fn libafl_qemu_remove_breakpoint(addr: u64) -> i32;
+    pub fn libafl_qemu_set_native_breakpoint(addr: u32);
+    pub fn libafl_qemu_remove_native_breakpoint(addr: u32);
+    
     fn libafl_flush_jit();
     fn libafl_qemu_trigger_breakpoint(cpu: CPUStatePtr);
 
@@ -395,6 +403,15 @@ extern "C" {
         data: *const (),
     );
     fn libafl_qemu_gdb_reply(buf: *const u8, len: usize);
+
+// void libafl_add_jmp_hook(uint64_t (*gen)(target_ulong src, target_ulong dst, uint64_t data),
+//                           void (*exec)(target_ulong src, target_ulong dst, uint64_t id, uint64_t data),
+//                           uint64_t data);
+    fn libafl_add_jmp_hook(
+        gen: Option<extern "C" fn(GuestAddr, GuestAddr, u64) -> u64>,
+        exec: Option<extern "C" fn(GuestAddr, GuestAddr, u64, u64)>,
+        data: u64,
+    );
 }
 
 #[cfg(emulation_mode = "usermode")]
@@ -462,7 +479,7 @@ impl Drop for GuestMaps {
 
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(crate) struct FatPtr(*const c_void, *const c_void);
+pub(crate) struct FatPtr(pub *const c_void, pub *const c_void);
 
 static mut GDB_COMMANDS: Vec<FatPtr> = vec![];
 
@@ -708,6 +725,7 @@ impl Emulator {
                     envp.as_ptr() as *const *const u8,
                 );
                 libc::atexit(qemu_cleanup_atexit);
+                libafl_qemu_sys::syx_snapshot_init();
             }
             EMULATOR_IS_INITIALIZED = true;
         }
@@ -867,6 +885,7 @@ impl Emulator {
         libafl_qemu_run();
         #[cfg(emulation_mode = "systemmode")]
         {
+            libafl_start_int_timer();
             vm_start();
             qemu_main_loop();
         }
@@ -1049,6 +1068,15 @@ impl Emulator {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn add_jmp_hooks(
+        &self,
+        gen: Option<extern "C" fn(GuestAddr, GuestAddr, u64) -> u64>,
+        exec: Option<extern "C" fn(GuestAddr, GuestAddr, u64, u64)>,
+        data: u64,
+    ) {
+        unsafe { libafl_add_jmp_hook(gen, exec, data) }
+    }
+
     #[cfg(emulation_mode = "systemmode")]
     pub fn save_snapshot(&self, name: &str, sync: bool) {
         let s = CString::new(name).expect("Invalid snapshot name");
@@ -1061,6 +1089,17 @@ impl Emulator {
         unsafe { libafl_load_qemu_snapshot(s.as_ptr() as *const _, sync) };
     }
 
+    #[cfg(emulation_mode = "systemmode")]
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn create_fast_snapshot(&self, track: bool) -> FastSnapshot {
+        unsafe { libafl_qemu_sys::syx_snapshot_create(track) }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(emulation_mode = "systemmode")]
+    pub fn restore_fast_snapshot(&self, snapshot: FastSnapshot) {
+        unsafe { libafl_qemu_sys::syx_snapshot_root_restore(snapshot) }
+    }
+
     #[cfg(emulation_mode = "usermode")]
     pub fn set_pre_syscall_hook(
         &self,

libafl_qemu/src/hooks.rs

@@ -655,6 +655,78 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+static mut JMP_HOOKS: Vec<(Hook, Hook)> = vec![];
+
+extern "C" fn gen_jmp_hook_wrapper<QT, S>(src: GuestAddr, dst: GuestAddr, index: u64) -> u64
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+{
+    unsafe {
+        let hooks = get_qemu_hooks::<QT, S>();
+        let (gen, _) = &mut JMP_HOOKS[index as usize];
+        match gen {
+            Hook::Function(ptr) => {
+                let func: fn(
+                    &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+                    Option<&mut S>,
+                    GuestAddr,
+                    GuestAddr,
+                ) -> Option<u64> = transmute(*ptr);
+                (func)(hooks, inprocess_get_state::<S>(), src, dst).map_or(SKIP_EXEC_HOOK, |id| id)
+            }
+            Hook::Closure(ptr) => {
+                let func: &mut Box<
+                    dyn FnMut(
+                        &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+                        Option<&mut S>,
+                        GuestAddr,
+                        GuestAddr,
+                    ) -> Option<u64>,
+                > = transmute(ptr);
+                (func)(hooks, inprocess_get_state::<S>(), src, dst).map_or(SKIP_EXEC_HOOK, |id| id)
+            }
+            _ => 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" fn exec_jmp_hook_wrapper<QT, S>(src: GuestAddr, dst: GuestAddr, id: u64, index: u64)
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+    QT: QemuHelperTuple<S>,
+{
+    unsafe {
+        let hooks = get_qemu_hooks::<QT, S>();
+        let (_, exec) = &mut JMP_HOOKS[index as usize];
+        match exec {
+            Hook::Function(ptr) => {
+                let func: fn(
+                    &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+                    Option<&mut S>,
+                    GuestAddr,
+                    GuestAddr,
+                    u64,
+                ) = transmute(*ptr);
+                (func)(hooks, inprocess_get_state::<S>(), src, dst, id);
+            }
+            Hook::Closure(ptr) => {
+                let func: &mut Box<
+                    dyn FnMut(
+                        &mut QemuHooks<'_, QT, S>,
+                        Option<&mut S>,
+                        GuestAddr,
+                        GuestAddr,
+                        u64,
+                    ),
+                > = transmute(ptr);
+                (func)(hooks, inprocess_get_state::<S>(), src, dst, id);
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static mut HOOKS_IS_INITIALIZED: bool = false;
 
 pub struct QemuHooks<'a, QT, S>
@@ -1556,4 +1628,37 @@ where
         self.emulator
             .set_post_syscall_hook(syscall_after_hooks_wrapper::<QT, S>);
     }
+
+    pub fn jmps(
+        &self,
+        generation_hook: Option<
+            fn(&mut Self, Option<&mut S>, src: GuestAddr, dest: GuestAddr) -> Option<u64>,
+        >,
+        execution_hook: Option<fn(&mut Self, Option<&mut S>, src: GuestAddr, dest: GuestAddr, id: u64)>,
+    ) {
+        unsafe {
+            let index = JMP_HOOKS.len();
+            self.emulator.add_jmp_hooks(
+                if generation_hook.is_none() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(gen_jmp_hook_wrapper::<QT, S>)
+                },
+                if execution_hook.is_none() {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(exec_jmp_hook_wrapper::<QT, S>)
+                },
+                index as u64,
+            );
+            JMP_HOOKS.push((
+                generation_hook.map_or(Hook::Empty, |hook| {
+                    Hook::Function(hook as *const libc::c_void)
+                }),
+                execution_hook.map_or(Hook::Empty, |hook| {
+                    Hook::Function(hook as *const libc::c_void)
+                }),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
 }

libafl_qemu/src/lib.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ pub mod x86_64;
 #[cfg(cpu_target = "x86_64")]
 pub use x86_64::*;
 
+#[cfg(cpu_target = "mips")]
+pub mod mips;
+#[cfg(cpu_target = "mips")]
+pub use mips::*;
+
 pub mod elf;
 
 pub mod helper;
@@ -53,20 +58,27 @@ pub use hooks::*;
 
 pub mod edges;
 pub use edges::QemuEdgeCoverageHelper;
+
+#[cfg(not(cpu_target = "mips"))]
 pub mod cmplog;
-pub mod drcov;
+#[cfg(not(cpu_target = "mips"))]
 pub use cmplog::QemuCmpLogHelper;
+
 #[cfg(emulation_mode = "usermode")]
 pub mod snapshot;
 #[cfg(emulation_mode = "usermode")]
 pub use snapshot::QemuSnapshotHelper;
+
 #[cfg(emulation_mode = "usermode")]
 pub mod asan;
 #[cfg(emulation_mode = "usermode")]
 pub use asan::{init_with_asan, QemuAsanHelper};
 
 pub mod blocks;
+
+#[cfg(not(cpu_target = "mips"))]
 pub mod calls;
+pub mod drcov;
 
 pub mod executor;
 pub use executor::QemuExecutor;

libafl_qemu/src/mips.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use num_enum::{IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive};
+#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+pub use strum_macros::EnumIter;
+pub use syscall_numbers::mips::*;
+
+/// Registers for the ARM instruction set.
+#[derive(IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive, Debug, Clone, Copy, EnumIter)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum Regs {
+    R0 = 0,
+    R1 = 1,
+    R2 = 2,
+    R3 = 3,
+    R4 = 4,
+    R5 = 5,
+    R6 = 6,
+    R7 = 7,
+    R8 = 8,
+    R9 = 9,
+    R10 = 10,
+    R11 = 11,
+    R12 = 12,
+    R13 = 13,
+    R14 = 14,
+    R15 = 15,
+    R16 = 16,
+    R17 = 17,
+    R18 = 18,
+    R19 = 19,
+    R20 = 20,
+    R21 = 21,
+    R22 = 22,
+    R23 = 23,
+    R24 = 24,
+    R25 = 25,
+    R26 = 26,
+    R27 = 27,
+    R28 = 28,
+    R29 = 29,
+    R30 = 30,
+    R31 = 31,
+}
+
+/// alias registers
+#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+impl Regs {
+    pub const Zero: Regs = Regs::R0;
+    pub const Gp: Regs = Regs::R28;
+    pub const Sp: Regs = Regs::R29;
+    pub const Fp: Regs = Regs::R30;
+    pub const Ra: Regs = Regs::R31;
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "python")]
+impl IntoPy<PyObject> for Regs {
+    fn into_py(self, py: Python) -> PyObject {
+        let n: i32 = self.into();
+        n.into_py(py)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Return an MIPS ArchCapstoneBuilder
+pub fn capstone() -> capstone::arch::mips::ArchCapstoneBuilder {
+    capstone::Capstone::new().mips()
+}

libafl_qemu/src/snapshot.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@ use libafl::{inputs::UsesInput, state::HasMetadata};
 use meminterval::{Interval, IntervalTree};
 use thread_local::ThreadLocal;
 
+#[cfg(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "i386", cpu_target = "mips"))]
+use crate::SYS_fstatat64;
+#[cfg(not(cpu_target = "arm"))]
+use crate::SYS_mmap;
+#[cfg(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "mips"))]
+use crate::SYS_mmap2;
+#[cfg(not(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "mips", cpu_target = "i386")))]
+use crate::SYS_newfstatat;
 use crate::{
     emu::{Emulator, MmapPerms, SyscallHookResult},
     helper::{QemuHelper, QemuHelperTuple},
@@ -15,12 +23,6 @@ use crate::{
     GuestAddr, SYS_fstat, SYS_fstatfs, SYS_futex, SYS_getrandom, SYS_mprotect, SYS_mremap,
     SYS_munmap, SYS_pread64, SYS_read, SYS_readlinkat, SYS_statfs,
 };
-#[cfg(cpu_target = "i386")]
-use crate::{SYS_fstatat64, SYS_mmap};
-#[cfg(cpu_target = "arm")]
-use crate::{SYS_fstatat64, SYS_mmap2};
-#[cfg(not(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "i386")))]
-use crate::{SYS_mmap, SYS_newfstatat};
 
 // TODO use the functions provided by Emulator
 pub const SNAPSHOT_PAGE_SIZE: usize = 4096;
@@ -301,6 +303,10 @@ impl QemuSnapshotHelper {
     }
 
     pub fn add_mapped(&mut self, start: GuestAddr, mut size: usize, perms: Option<MmapPerms>) {
+        if size == 0 {
+            return;
+        }
+
         let total_size = {
             if size % SNAPSHOT_PAGE_SIZE != 0 {
                 size = size + (SNAPSHOT_PAGE_SIZE - size % SNAPSHOT_PAGE_SIZE);
@@ -632,14 +638,14 @@ where
             let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
             h.access(a0 as GuestAddr, a3 as usize);
         }
-        #[cfg(not(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "i386")))]
+        #[cfg(not(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "i386", cpu_target = "mips")))]
         SYS_newfstatat => {
             if a2 != 0 {
                 let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
                 h.access(a2 as GuestAddr, 4096); // stat is not greater than a page
             }
         }
-        #[cfg(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "i386"))]
+        #[cfg(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "mips", cpu_target = "i386"))]
         SYS_fstatat64 => {
             if a2 != 0 {
                 let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
@@ -664,27 +670,12 @@ where
 
             // TODO handle huge pages
 
-            #[cfg(cpu_target = "arm")]
+            #[cfg(any(cpu_target = "arm", cpu_target = "mips"))]
             if i64::from(sys_num) == SYS_mmap2 {
                 if let Ok(prot) = MmapPerms::try_from(a2 as i32) {
                     let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
                     h.add_mapped(result as GuestAddr, a1 as usize, Some(prot));
                 }
-            } else if i64::from(sys_num) == SYS_mremap {
-                let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
-                h.remove_mapped(a0 as GuestAddr, a1 as usize);
-                h.add_mapped(result as GuestAddr, a2 as usize, None);
-                // TODO get the old permissions from the removed mapping
-            } else if i64::from(sys_num) == SYS_mprotect {
-                if let Ok(prot) = MmapPerms::try_from(a2 as i32) {
-                    let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
-                    h.add_mapped(a0 as GuestAddr, a1 as usize, Some(prot));
-                }
-            } else if i64::from(sys_num) == SYS_munmap {
-                let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
-                if !h.accurate_unmap && !h.is_unmap_allowed(a0 as GuestAddr, a1 as usize) {
-                    h.remove_mapped(a0 as GuestAddr, a1 as usize);
-                }
             }
 
             #[cfg(not(cpu_target = "arm"))]
@@ -693,7 +684,9 @@ where
                     let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
                     h.add_mapped(result as GuestAddr, a1 as usize, Some(prot));
                 }
-            } else if i64::from(sys_num) == SYS_mremap {
+            }
+
+            if i64::from(sys_num) == SYS_mremap {
                 let h = hooks.match_helper_mut::<QemuSnapshotHelper>().unwrap();
                 h.remove_mapped(a0 as GuestAddr, a1 as usize);
                 h.add_mapped(result as GuestAddr, a2 as usize, None);

libafl_targets/build.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::{env, fs::File, io::Write, path::Path};
 
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
 fn main() {
     let out_dir = env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap();
     let out_dir = out_dir.to_string_lossy().to_string();
@@ -32,17 +33,16 @@ fn main() {
         "// These constants are autogenerated by build.rs
 
         /// The size of the edges map
-        pub const EDGES_MAP_SIZE: usize = {};
+        pub const EDGES_MAP_SIZE: usize = {edges_map_size};
         /// The size of the cmps map
-        pub const CMP_MAP_SIZE: usize = {};
+        pub const CMP_MAP_SIZE: usize = {cmp_map_size};
         /// The width of the `CmpLog` map
-        pub const CMPLOG_MAP_W: usize = {};
+        pub const CMPLOG_MAP_W: usize = {cmplog_map_w};
         /// The height of the `CmpLog` map
-        pub const CMPLOG_MAP_H: usize = {};
+        pub const CMPLOG_MAP_H: usize = {cmplog_map_h};
         /// The size of the accounting maps
-        pub const ACCOUNTING_MAP_SIZE: usize = {};
-",
-        edges_map_size, cmp_map_size, cmplog_map_w, cmplog_map_h, acc_map_size
+        pub const ACCOUNTING_MAP_SIZE: usize = {acc_map_size};
+"
     )
     .expect("Could not write file");
 
@@ -127,6 +127,15 @@ fn main() {
             .compile("forkserver");
     }
 
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    {
+        println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src/windows_asan.c");
+
+        cc::Build::new()
+            .file(src_dir.join("windows_asan.c"))
+            .compile("windows_asan");
+    }
+
     println!("cargo:rustc-link-search=native={}", &out_dir);
 
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");

libafl_targets/src/lib.rs

@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ pub use cmplog::*;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 pub mod drcov;
 
+#[cfg(all(windows, feature = "std"))]
+pub mod windows_asan;
+#[cfg(all(windows, feature = "std"))]
+pub use windows_asan::*;
+
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "freebsd"))]
 pub mod forkserver;
 #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "freebsd"))]

libafl_targets/src/windows_asan.c

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+EXT_FUNC_IMPL(__sanitizer_set_death_callback, void, (void), false) {
+  return;
+}

libafl_targets/src/windows_asan.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//! Setup asan death callbback
+
+use libafl::{
+    events::{EventFirer, EventRestarter},
+    executors::{inprocess::windows_asan_handler::asan_death_handler, Executor, HasObservers},
+    feedbacks::Feedback,
+    state::{HasClientPerfMonitor, HasSolutions},
+    HasObjective,
+};
+
+/// Asan death callback type
+pub type CB = unsafe extern "C" fn() -> ();
+
+extern "C" {
+    fn __sanitizer_set_death_callback(cb: CB);
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// Setup asan callback on windows
+// See https://github.com/AFLplusplus/LibAFL/issues/769
+// This is needed to intercept asan error exit
+// When we use AddressSanitizer on windows, the crash handler is not called when ASAN detects an error
+// This is because, on linux, ASAN runtime raises SIGABRT so we can rely on the signal handler
+// but on windows it simply calls TerminateProcess.
+// so we need to call the api by asan to register the callback when asan is about to finish the process.
+pub unsafe fn setup_asan_callback<E, EM, OF, Z>(_executor: &E, _event_mgr: &EM, _fuzzer: &Z)
+where
+    E: Executor<EM, Z> + HasObservers,
+    EM: EventFirer<State = E::State> + EventRestarter<State = E::State>,
+    OF: Feedback<E::State>,
+    E::State: HasSolutions + HasClientPerfMonitor,
+    Z: HasObjective<Objective = OF, State = E::State>,
+{
+    __sanitizer_set_death_callback(asan_death_handler::<E, EM, OF, Z>);
+}

libafl_tinyinst/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[package]
+name = "libafl_tinyinst"
+version.workspace = true
+edition = "2021"
+authors = ["elbiazo <eric.l.biazo@gmail.com>", "Dongjia Zhang <tokazerkje@outlook.com>"]
+repository = "https://github.com/AFLplusplus/LibAFL/"
+categories = ["development-tools::testing", "emulators", "embedded", "os", "no-std"]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+keywords = ["fuzzing", "testing", "security"]
+description = "TinyInst backend for libafl"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+cxx = "1.0"
+libafl = { path = "../libafl", version = "0.8.0", features = [
+    "std",
+    "libafl_derive",
+] }
+tinyinst-rs = { git = "https://github.com/elbiazo/tinyinst-rs" }
+# tinyinst-rs = { path = "../../tinyinst-rs" }
+
+[build-dependencies]
+cmake = "0.1"

libafl_tinyinst/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Requirements
+- you need `Visual Studio 17 2022`, though it's not tested, it should work on older versions.
+- you need `cxxbridge-cmd` to generate bridge files between Rust and c++, you can install this via `cargo install cxxbridge-cmd`

libafl_tinyinst/src/executor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+use core::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use libafl::{
+    bolts::fs::{InputFile, INPUTFILE_STD},
+    executors::{Executor, ExitKind, HasObservers},
+    inputs::{HasTargetBytes, UsesInput},
+    observers::{ObserversTuple, UsesObservers},
+    prelude::AsSlice,
+    state::{State, UsesState},
+    Error,
+};
+use tinyinst_rs::tinyinst::{litecov::RunResult, TinyInst};
+
+pub struct TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT> {
+    tinyinst: TinyInst,
+    coverage: &'a mut Vec<u64>,
+    timeout: u32,
+    observers: OT,
+    phantom: PhantomData<S>,
+    cur_input: InputFile,
+    use_stdin: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a, S, OT> std::fmt::Debug for TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("TinyInstExecutor")
+            .field("timeout", &self.timeout)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, EM, S, Z, OT> Executor<EM, Z> for TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT>
+where
+    EM: UsesState<State = S>,
+    S: UsesInput,
+    S::Input: HasTargetBytes,
+    Z: UsesState<State = S>,
+{
+    #[inline]
+    fn run_target(
+        &mut self,
+        _fuzzer: &mut Z,
+        _state: &mut Self::State,
+        _mgr: &mut EM,
+        input: &Self::Input,
+    ) -> Result<ExitKind, Error> {
+        if !self.use_stdin {
+            self.cur_input.write_buf(input.target_bytes().as_slice())?;
+        }
+
+        #[allow(unused_assignments)]
+        let mut status = RunResult::OK;
+        unsafe {
+            status = self.tinyinst.run();
+            self.tinyinst.vec_coverage(self.coverage, false);
+        }
+
+        match status {
+            RunResult::CRASH | RunResult::HANG => Ok(ExitKind::Crash),
+            RunResult::OK => Ok(ExitKind::Ok),
+            RunResult::OTHER_ERROR => Err(Error::unknown(
+                "Tinyinst RunResult is other error".to_string(),
+            )),
+            _ => Err(Error::unknown("Tinyinst RunResult is unknown".to_string())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, S, OT> TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT>
+where
+    OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    S: UsesInput,
+{
+    ///  # Safety
+    pub unsafe fn new(
+        coverage: &'a mut Vec<u64>,
+        tinyinst_args: Vec<String>,
+        program_args: Vec<String>,
+        timeout: u32,
+        observers: OT,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut use_stdin = true;
+
+        let program_args = program_args
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|arg| {
+                if arg == "@@" {
+                    println!("Not using stdin");
+                    use_stdin = false;
+                    INPUTFILE_STD.to_string()
+                } else {
+                    arg
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let cur_input = InputFile::create(INPUTFILE_STD).expect("Unable to create cur_file");
+        println!("post init");
+        let tinyinst = TinyInst::new(tinyinst_args, program_args, timeout);
+
+        Self {
+            tinyinst,
+            coverage,
+            timeout,
+            observers,
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+            cur_input,
+            use_stdin,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, S, OT> HasObservers for TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT>
+where
+    S: State,
+    OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+{
+    fn observers(&self) -> &OT {
+        &self.observers
+    }
+
+    fn observers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut OT {
+        &mut self.observers
+    }
+}
+impl<'a, S, OT> UsesState for TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT>
+where
+    S: UsesInput,
+{
+    type State = S;
+}
+impl<'a, S, OT> UsesObservers for TinyInstExecutor<'a, S, OT>
+where
+    OT: ObserversTuple<S>,
+    S: UsesInput,
+{
+    type Observers = OT;
+}

libafl_tinyinst/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod executor;